Daly M C, Duncan G J, Kaplan G A, Lynch J W
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, USA.
Milbank Q. 1998;76(3):315-39, 303-4. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.00094.
A growing literature points to links between income inequality and mortality. Any examination of the link should distinguish, both theoretically and empirically, between shifts in inequality that result from changes in the bottom and top of the income distribution. When state-level data from the U.S. censuses of 1980 and 1990 were used to measure differences in mortality, the results indicated that inequality measures reflecting depth of poverty show stronger correlations with mortality than do inequality measures reflecting heights of affluence. In addition, longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics were used to related state-level inequality measures to individual-level data on mortality. This comparison revealed significant associations between degree of income inequality in state of residence and individual risk of death only for nonelderly individuals with middle-class incomes in 1990.
越来越多的文献指出收入不平等与死亡率之间存在联系。对这种联系的任何考察都应在理论和实证上区分收入分配底部和顶部变化所导致的不平等变化。当使用1980年和1990年美国人口普查的州级数据来衡量死亡率差异时，结果表明，反映贫困深度的不平等指标与死亡率的相关性比反映富裕程度的不平等指标更强。此外，收入动态面板研究的纵向数据被用于将州级不平等指标与个体层面的死亡率数据联系起来。这种比较表明，仅对于1990年中等收入的非老年个体，居住州的收入不平等程度与个体死亡风险之间存在显著关联。
