Waitzman N J, Smith K R
University of Utah, Department of Economics, Salt Lake City 84112-9300, USA.
Milbank Q. 1998;76(3):341-73, 304. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.00095.
The increase in income inequality in the United States over the past 20 years has been accompanied by a pronounced increase in economic segregation in urban areas. No research to date has analyzed the potential effects of such spatial segregation on mortality. To investigate these effects, the mortality experience of respondents aged 30 years and older on the 1986-94 National Health Interview Surveys residing in any one of 30 large metropolitan areas in the United States was analyzed. Concentrated poverty was associated with significantly elevated risk of mortality, even after controlling for individual household income. Concentrated affluence showed a consistent, protective effect only among the elderly. The effects were most pronounced among the poor, but were not confined to them. Urban planning should take into account the effects associated with economic residential segregation.
在过去20年里，美国收入不平等现象加剧，与此同时，城市地区的经济隔离也显著增加。迄今为止，尚无研究分析这种空间隔离对死亡率的潜在影响。为了调查这些影响，对居住在美国30个大都市地区之一、年龄在30岁及以上、参与1986 - 94年国家健康访谈调查的受访者的死亡情况进行了分析。即使在控制了个人家庭收入之后，集中贫困仍与死亡率显著升高相关。集中富裕仅在老年人中显示出持续的保护作用。这些影响在穷人中最为明显，但并不局限于穷人。城市规划应考虑到与居住经济隔离相关的影响。
