Stohlhofer B, Lahrmann H, Frank W, Zwick H
Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Umweltpneumologie, Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien-Lainz, Wien.
Pneumologie. 1998 Jul;52(7):406-11.
This study was performed to examine the causes, triggers and therapy of bronchial asthma in a statistically relevant group of teachers at primary schools in Vienna. Furthermore, it was intended to investigate the correlation between their knowledge and their approach in respect of the management of asthmatic pupils.
1054 (80.4%) of 1311 questionnaires were returned and evaluated. Five items were investigated: "general knowledge", "symptoms and triggers"; "exercise", "treatment" and "individual experience". Statistical analysis was performed by using counting statistics. For the correlation of items, Spearman correlation coefficients and Wilcoxon's test were used.
The teachers in primary schools showed a good basic knowledge of asthma and its symptoms. Poor understanding was found with regard to the medical treatment and trigger factors of asthma; only 34% of the teachers knew that playing games in cold wind may provoke an exacerbation of asthma; less than half of the teachers (45%) were aware of the fact that an asthma attack can be prevented by prophylactic treatment. A significantly positive correlation was found between previous instruction on asthma and its management, the degree of individual experience, and the correct belief that asthmatic children should be encouraged to fully participate in school sports and activities (p = 0.001). Most of the teachers (94%) felt the lack of sufficient information. Only 2% had received proper instruction on asthma and revealed a significantly better knowledge of all items (p = 0.0001).
We suggest that teachers at primary school receive further instruction on asthma, especially regarding its practical aspects.
本研究旨在调查维也纳小学教师这一具有统计学意义群体中支气管哮喘的病因、诱发因素及治疗方法。此外，还旨在研究他们在管理哮喘学生方面的知识与方法之间的相关性。
共发放1311份问卷，回收并评估了1054份（80.4%）。调查了五个项目：“一般知识”“症状与诱发因素”“运动”“治疗”和“个人经验”。采用计数统计进行统计分析。对于项目间的相关性，使用斯皮尔曼相关系数和威尔科克森检验。
小学教师对哮喘及其症状有较好的基础知识。但对哮喘的药物治疗和诱发因素了解不足；只有34%的教师知道在冷风中玩耍可能会引发哮喘加重；不到一半的教师（45%）意识到预防性治疗可以预防哮喘发作。在哮喘及其管理的先前培训、个人经验程度以及认为应鼓励哮喘儿童充分参与学校体育和活动的正确观念之间，发现了显著的正相关（p = 0.001）。大多数教师（94%）觉得缺乏足够的信息。只有2%的教师接受过关于哮喘的适当培训，并且在所有项目上表现出明显更好的知识水平（p = 0.0001）。
我们建议小学教师接受关于哮喘的进一步培训，尤其是在实际方面。
