Wirsing B, Hoffmann L, Heinze R, Klein D, Daloze D, Braekman J C, Weckesser J
Institut für Biologie II, Mikrobiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany.
Syst Appl Microbiol. 1998 Mar;21(1):23-7. doi: 10.1016/S0723-2020(98)80004-0.
A toxic cyanobacterial bloom dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa occurred in 1995 in three adjacent ponds near Liège (Belgium) where at the same time conspicuous bird deaths were observed. The toxicity assay using primary rat hepatocytes indicated a high hepatoxicity. A 4 h incubation yielded a LD50 of 0.23 mg bloom material (dry weight)/ml cell culture medium. Toxicity was due to hepatotoxins of the microcystin class, microcystin-LR and-RR being the major microcystins present as determined by RP-HPLC absorption spectra, 1H NMR, and ESMS spectra. Additionally, the bloom sample contained small amounts of microcystin-YR. The microcystin content of the dry bloom biomass was 870 micrograms/g (on the basis of the hepatotoxicity assay) and 556 micrograms/g (on the basis of the RP-HPLC peak area). A higher yield of microcystins was obtained by acetic acid extraction instead of methanol extraction, whereas different extraction temperatures (20 degrees C, 40 degrees C) had no effect on the yield.
1995年，比利时列日附近三个相邻池塘中发生了以铜绿微囊藻为主的有毒蓝藻水华，与此同时观察到明显的鸟类死亡现象。使用原代大鼠肝细胞进行的毒性试验表明具有高肝毒性。4小时的孵育产生的半数致死剂量为0.23毫克水华物质（干重）/毫升细胞培养基。毒性归因于微囊藻毒素类肝毒素，通过反相高效液相色谱吸收光谱、1H核磁共振和电喷雾质谱分析确定，微囊藻毒素-LR和-RR是主要存在的微囊藻毒素。此外，水华样品中含有少量微囊藻毒素-YR。干水华生物量的微囊藻毒素含量为870微克/克（基于肝毒性试验）和556微克/克（基于反相高效液相色谱峰面积）。用乙酸萃取比用甲醇萃取获得的微囊藻毒素产量更高，而不同的萃取温度（20摄氏度、40摄氏度）对产量没有影响。
