Nicosia R F, Villaschi S
Department of Pathology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.
Int Rev Cytol. 1999;185:1-43. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60148-5.
The cells of the vessel wall can regulate angiogenesis by producing growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, extracellular matrix components, cell adhesion molecules, and vasoactive factors. This property enables preexisting blood vessels to generate new vessels in the absence of exogenous angiogenic stimuli. Vascular autoregulation of angiogenesis can be studied by culturing rat aortic or venous explants in collagen gels under serum-free conditions. In this system, the combined effect of injury and exposure of explants to collagen triggers a self-limited angiogenic response. Interactions among endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts play a critical role in the regulation of this process. This chapter reviews the literature on angiogenesis, focusing on the vessel wall as a highly specialized and plastic tissue capable of regenerating itself through autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine mechanisms.
血管壁细胞可通过产生生长因子、蛋白水解酶、细胞外基质成分、细胞黏附分子和血管活性因子来调节血管生成。这一特性使既有血管能够在没有外源性血管生成刺激的情况下生成新血管。血管生成的血管自身调节可通过在无血清条件下将大鼠主动脉或静脉外植体培养在胶原凝胶中来研究。在该系统中，外植体的损伤与暴露于胶原的联合作用引发一种自我限制的血管生成反应。内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞之间的相互作用在这一过程的调节中起关键作用。本章综述了关于血管生成的文献，重点关注血管壁作为一种能够通过自分泌、旁分泌和近分泌机制进行自我再生的高度特化且具有可塑性的组织。
