Sheps S G
Cardiology. 1976;61 suppl 1:271-9. doi: 10.1159/000169820.
The most common cause of orthostatic hypotension is poor postural adjustment. The most severe form of orthostatic hypotension is of unknown etiology; the primary disorder is a degeneration of the peripheral autonomic nervous system, resulting in a decrease in production of catecholamine. Physiologically, there is a failure of arteriolar and venous vasoconstriction and a lack of cardiac response, both in rate and in contractility to sympathetic stimulation. Total and central cardiopulmonary blood volumes are contracted. The application of hydrostatic counterpressure by the use of an elasticized garment is helpful in the management of orthostatic hypotension, especially when used with sodium-retaining steroids to increase intravascular volume.
直立性低血压最常见的原因是姿势调整不佳。直立性低血压最严重的形式病因不明；主要病变是外周自主神经系统退化，导致儿茶酚胺分泌减少。生理上，小动脉和静脉血管收缩功能障碍，对交感神经刺激的心率和收缩力缺乏心脏反应。全心和中心心肺血容量减少。使用弹性服装施加静水反压有助于直立性低血压的管理，特别是与保钠类固醇一起使用以增加血管内容量时。
