核小体：转录的强大调节因子。

The nucleosome: a powerful regulator of transcription.

作者信息

Wolffe A P, Kurumizaka H

机构信息

Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

出版信息

Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1998;61:379-422. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60832-6.

DOI:10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60832-6

PMID:9752726

Abstract

Nucleosomes provide the architectural framework for transcription. Histones, DNA elements, and transcription factors are organized into precise regulatory complexes. Positioned nucleosomes can facilitate or impede the transcription process. These structures are dynamic, reflecting the capacity of chromatin to adopt different functional states. Histones are mobile with respect to DNA sequence. Individual histone domains are targeted for posttranslational modifications. Histone acetylation promotes transcription factor access to nucleosomal DNA and relieves inhibitory effects on transcriptional initiation and elongation. The nucleosomal infrastructure emerges as powerful contributor to the regulation of gene activity.

摘要

核小体为转录提供了结构框架。组蛋白、DNA元件和转录因子被组织成精确的调控复合物。定位的核小体可以促进或阻碍转录过程。这些结构是动态的，反映了染色质采用不同功能状态的能力。组蛋白相对于DNA序列是可移动的。单个组蛋白结构域可进行翻译后修饰。组蛋白乙酰化促进转录因子接近核小体DNA，并减轻对转录起始和延伸的抑制作用。核小体结构成为基因活性调控的有力贡献者。