Idiopathic prolapsed mitral leaflet syndrome. Angiographic-clinical correlations.

Angiographic clinical correlations were made in 59 patients with prolapsed mitral leaflet syndrome. Eight had nonejection systolic clicks (group I), 20 had early, mid or late systolic murmurs with or without a systolic click (group II), and 31 had pansystolic murmurs (group III). Isolated prolapse of posterior leaflet (PL) scallops occurred in 42 and 17 had combined leaflet prolapse. The study demonstrated the following: (I) Group II patients usually had isolated PL prolapse with a predominant biscallop involvement while a high incidence of triple scallop prolapse and combined mitral leaflet prolapse occurred in group III. (II) Severe mitral regurgitation and a greater incidence of atrial fibrillation were seen in patients with triscallop prolapse and combined mitral leaflet prolapse. Mitral regurgitation was milder in patients with single and biscallop prolapse and, when severe, was associated with ruptured chordae. (III) ST-T wave abnormalities in the inferior leads were most frequent in patients with isolated PL prolapse. (IV) Systolic and diastolic asynergy occurred in 41 patients, most frequently in group II but also relatively frequently in group III (19 of 31). Segmental anterior dysfunction with normal ejection fraction was found in 18 patients, of whom 13 had early anterior wall relaxation. (V) Patients without asynergy were slightly older than those with it. More in the former group had severe mitral regurgitation and were clinically disabled from it.