[Study of skin temperature, microclimate and comfort of clothing of old females at rest--ambient temperature x humidity: 30 degrees C. R.H.80%, 30 degrees C. R.H.45%, 20 degrees C. R.H.45%].

Old females are compared to young females for the purpose of studying the difference in comfort caused by the environmental variables of temperature and humidity as well as the form of clothing. Eight experiments were performed in three settings: (a) 30 degrees C R.H.80%; 30 degrees C R.H.45%; and 20 degrees C R.H.45%. The ages of the subjects range from 62 to 68 (Mean = 65.17, S.D. = 1.68) among old females and from 20 to 23 (Mean = 20.83, S.D. = 0.76) among young females. The following results were obtained: (1) The young females were sensitive to hot temperatures, while the old females were not. On the other hand, the old females were more sensitive to cold temperatures, under 20 degrees C R.H.45%, than the young females. In temperatures under 30 degrees C R.H.80%, the heat radiation from the young females was higher than that of the old females. Under 20 degrees C R.H.45%, the heat radiation from the old females was higher than from the young females. The old females are thought to decline in physiogenic function due to enduring both hot and cold temperatures. (2) The correlation between the temperature in clothes and comfort among the old females is not different from the same correlation among the young females. This conclusion agrees with previously published studies of the young females. (3) Skin temperature and bloodstream are measured, according to clothing form. As a result, a long skirt is the highest in thermal insulation, long pants the next highest, and a short skirt is the lowest. (4) The effect of thermal insulation provided by a lap robe was tested in both groups. The lap robe was found to be more effective for the older group than the younger in temperatures under 20 degrees C R.H.45%. Hence, the role of clothes in offsetting for the decline in the thermoregulation function that compensates for environmental change is more important for old females than for young.