Kaufman A
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, USA.
Acad Med. 1998 Sep;73(9 Suppl):S11-5. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199809001-00004.
In this chapter, the author discusses leadership and governance issues in implementing curricular reform at the eight schools that participated in The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's "Preparing Physicians for the Future: Program in Medical Education." Leadership is defined as the roles played by key individuals within a school in facilitating significant curricular change; institutional governance is the administrative structure through which the curricular changes were administered. The characteristics of successful leaders as well as problems caused by poorly chosen leaders are described. The author also discusses how leaders handled resistance to change and the role of students in overcoming this resistance at some institutions. The second half of the chapter focuses on governance structures. The author briefly discusses the role of curriculum committees, how student and faculty committees at some schools worked to implement change, and the implementation at each of the eight schools of a centralized education budget. He concludes with a list of characteristics of successful leadership and successful governance in the process of curriculum reform.
在本章中，作者探讨了参与罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会“为未来培养医生：医学教育项目”的八所学校在实施课程改革过程中的领导力和治理问题。领导力被定义为学校内关键人物在推动重大课程变革中所扮演的角色；机构治理则是实施课程变革的行政结构。文中描述了成功领导者的特质以及因领导者选择不当所引发的问题。作者还讨论了领导者如何应对变革阻力以及在一些机构中，学生在克服这种阻力中所起的作用。本章后半部分聚焦于治理结构。作者简要讨论了课程委员会的作用、一些学校的学生和教师委员会如何努力实施变革，以及八所学校中每所学校对集中教育预算的实施情况。他最后列出了课程改革过程中成功领导力和成功治理的一系列特质。
