Buckley J D, Pendergrass T W, Buckley C M, Pritchard D J, Nesbit M E, Provisor A J, Robison L L
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Cancer. 1998 Oct 1;83(7):1440-8. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981001)83:7<1440::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-3.
The Children's Cancer Group conducted a case-control study to determine the role of a broad range of environmental and familial factors in the etiology of Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma in children. These factors included radiation exposure and, for children with osteosarcoma, parental exposure to beryllium.
The parents of 152 children with osteosarcoma and 153 children with Ewing's sarcoma were interviewed by telephone. Controls were obtained by random digit dialing and were matched to cases by age and race.
Female osteosarcoma patients had earlier onset of breast development (age 11.4 vs. 11.8 years, P=0.03) and menarche (age 12.1 vs. 12.5 years, P=0.002) but no significant differences in growth, whereas male osteosarcoma patients were similar in age at the onset of secondary sexual characteristics but reported significantly less weight gain during their growth spurt (6.6 vs. 11.7 kg, P=0.003). For children with Ewing's sarcoma, the growth spurt began earlier (age 12.1 vs. 12.7 years, P=0.12) and resulted in less weight and height gain (5.2 vs. 9.7 kg, P=0.002, and 10.2 vs. 12.7 cm, P=0.02, respectively) for males, but no differences were observed among females. For factors not related to growth and development (including a wide range of occupational, medical, and household exposures), there was little evidence of an etiologic role with respect to either tumor type.
Differences between cases and controls with respect to growth and development showed no consistent pattern. This study did not identify any important risk factors for either type of childhood bone tumor.
儿童癌症研究组开展了一项病例对照研究，以确定一系列环境和家族因素在儿童尤因肉瘤和骨肉瘤病因学中的作用。这些因素包括辐射暴露，对于骨肉瘤患儿，还包括其父母的铍暴露情况。
通过电话访谈了152名骨肉瘤患儿和153名尤因肉瘤患儿的父母。通过随机数字拨号选取对照，并按年龄和种族与病例进行匹配。
女性骨肉瘤患者乳房发育起始年龄更早（11.4岁对11.8岁，P = 0.03），月经初潮年龄更早（12.1岁对12.5岁，P = 0.002），但生长方面无显著差异；而男性骨肉瘤患者第二性征起始年龄相似，但在生长突增期间体重增加明显较少（6.6千克对11.7千克，P = 0.003）。对于尤因肉瘤患儿，男性生长突增开始得更早（12.1岁对12.7岁，P = 0.12），体重和身高增加较少（分别为5.2千克对9.7千克，P = 0.002，以及10.2厘米对12.7厘米，P = 0.02），但女性之间未观察到差异。对于与生长发育无关的因素（包括广泛的职业、医疗和家庭暴露），几乎没有证据表明其对任何一种肿瘤类型有病因学作用。
病例组和对照组在生长发育方面的差异未显示出一致模式。本研究未确定任何一种儿童骨肿瘤的重要危险因素。
