Case management and supported employment: a good fit.

Individuals with severe disabilities have often been denied the full range of vocational opportunities. Because of discrimination and oppression, and false beliefs regarding their skills, capacities, capabilities, and interests, individuals with disabilities have often been relegated to nonwork activities or sheltered work opportunities. Passage of legislation, such as the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 1984 and Title VI, Part C of the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1986, in combination with systems change grants funded through Title III of the Rehabilitation Act, provided the basis for the initiation of a series of federal- and state-funded demonstration projects designed to provide opportunities and supports for individuals with severe or significant disabilities to work at competitive sites in the community. This model of vocational services, called supported employment, while initially conceived as a vocational program for individuals with mental retardation, has been modified to successfully provide services to individuals with mental illness, acquired brain injury, autism, cerebral palsy, physical disabilities, and other disabilities. A key to the success of these programs is the complementary working relationship between the case manager and the job coach. While there may be some overlap in what each brings to the person with a disability, each professional plays distinctive and critical roles in the carrying out of supported employment.