MacPherson B, Pfeiffer C J
Digestion. 1976;14(5-6):424-52. doi: 10.1159/000197966.
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are complex, problematic diseases of unknown etiology in man, and appropriate experimental models would be useful in elucidating their pathogenesis and treatment. Although there have been numerous attempts to produce inflammatory ulcerative colonic disease in laboratory animals resembling those human disease forms, none has been entirely successful. Investigators have conducted experiments involving almost every etiological factor suggested for initiation of these diseases. The methods reviewed in this paper include production of experimental colitis by vascular impairment, and immunological methods such as bacterial infection, allergic reactions, direct and indirect hypersensitivity reactions, as well as autoimmune mechanisms. The results of carrageenan-induced colitis, irradiation, dietary, and drug-induced techniques are also discussed and the frequency and nature of spontaneous colonic lesions in animals is summarized.
溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病是人类病因不明的复杂疑难疾病，合适的实验模型有助于阐明其发病机制和治疗方法。尽管人们多次尝试在实验动物中诱发类似人类疾病形式的炎性溃疡性结肠疾病，但均未完全成功。研究人员针对这些疾病的发病起始因素进行了几乎涉及所有病因的实验。本文所综述的方法包括通过血管损伤诱导实验性结肠炎，以及免疫方法，如细菌感染、过敏反应、直接和间接超敏反应，还有自身免疫机制。本文还讨论了角叉菜胶诱导性结肠炎、辐射、饮食及药物诱导技术的实验结果，并总结了动物自发性结肠病变的发生率和性质。
