Allen A M, Moeller I, Jenkins T A, Zhuo J, Aldred G P, Chai S Y, Mendelsohn F A
The Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Brain Res Bull. 1998 Sep 1;47(1):17-28. doi: 10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00039-2.
In addition to its traditional role as a circulating hormone, angiotensin is also involved in local functions through the activity of tissue renin-angiotensin systems that occur in many organs, including the brain. In the brain, both systemic and presumptive neurally derived angiotensin and angiotensin metabolites act through specific receptors to modulate many functions. This review examines the distribution of these specific angiotensin receptors and discusses evidence regarding the function of angiotensin peptides in various brain regions. Angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors occur in characteristic distributions that are highly correlated with the distribution of angiotensin-like immunoreactivity in nerve terminals. Acting through the AT1 receptor in the brain, angiotensin has effects on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, neuroendocrine systems, autonomic pathways regulating cardiovascular function and behavior. Angiotensin AT1 receptors are also found in many afferent and efferent components of the peripheral autonomic nervous system. The role of the AT2 receptor in the brain is less well understood, although recent knockout studies point to an involvement with behavioral and cardiovascular functions. In addition to the AT1 and AT2 receptors, receptors for other fragments of angiotensin have been proposed. The AT4 binding site, which binds angiotensin, has a widespread distribution in the brain quite distinct from that of the AT1 and AT2 receptors. It is associated with many cholinergic neuronal groups and also several sensory nuclei, but its function remains to be determined. Our discovery that another brain-derived peptide binds to the AT4 binding site in the brain and may represent the native ligand is discussed. Overall, the distribution of angiotensin receptors in the brain indicate that they play diverse and important physiological roles in the nervous system.
除了作为循环激素的传统作用外，血管紧张素还通过许多器官（包括大脑）中存在的组织肾素 - 血管紧张素系统的活性参与局部功能。在大脑中，全身来源的和推测由神经衍生的血管紧张素及血管紧张素代谢产物都通过特定受体发挥作用，调节多种功能。本综述研究了这些特定血管紧张素受体的分布，并讨论了血管紧张素肽在不同脑区功能方面的证据。血管紧张素AT1和AT2受体以特征性分布存在，这与神经末梢中血管紧张素样免疫反应性的分布高度相关。血管紧张素通过大脑中的AT1受体发挥作用，对体液和电解质平衡、神经内分泌系统、调节心血管功能和行为的自主神经通路产生影响。血管紧张素AT1受体也存在于外周自主神经系统的许多传入和传出成分中。尽管最近的基因敲除研究表明AT2受体与行为和心血管功能有关，但它在大脑中的作用尚不太清楚。除了AT1和AT2受体外，还提出了血管紧张素其他片段的受体。与血管紧张素结合的AT4结合位点在大脑中分布广泛，与AT1和AT2受体的分布截然不同。它与许多胆碱能神经元群以及几个感觉核有关，但其功能仍有待确定。我们讨论了另一种脑源性肽与大脑中AT4结合位点结合并可能代表天然配体的这一发现。总体而言，血管紧张素受体在大脑中的分布表明它们在神经系统中发挥着多样而重要的生理作用。
