Downey G, Lebolt A, Rincón C, Freitas A L
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Child Dev. 1998 Aug;69(4):1074-91.
Some children respond to social rejection in ways that undermine their relationships, whereas others respond with more equanimity. This article reports 3 studies that test the proposition that rejection sensitivity--the disposition to defensively (i.e., anxiously or angrily) expect, readily perceive, and overreact to social rejection--helps explain individual differences in response to social rejection. Data were from urban, minority (primarily Hispanic and African American) fifth to seventh graders. Study 1 describes the development of a measure of rejection sensitivity for children. Study 2 provides experimental evidence that children who angrily expected rejection showed heightened distress following an ambiguously intentioned rejection by a peer. Study 3 shows that rejection sensitive children behaved more aggressively and experienced increased interpersonal difficulties and declines in academic functioning over time.
一些孩子对社交排斥的反应方式会破坏他们的人际关系，而另一些孩子的反应则更为平静。本文报告了3项研究，这些研究检验了以下观点：拒绝敏感性——即防御性地（即焦虑或愤怒地）预期、容易察觉到并对社交排斥过度反应的倾向——有助于解释个体在应对社交排斥时的差异。数据来自城市中的少数族裔（主要是西班牙裔和非裔美国人）五至七年级学生。研究1描述了一种针对儿童的拒绝敏感性测量方法的开发。研究2提供了实验证据，表明那些愤怒地预期会被拒绝的孩子在被同伴模棱两可地拒绝后会表现出更高的痛苦程度。研究3表明，随着时间的推移，对拒绝敏感的孩子行为更具攻击性，人际困难增加，学业成绩下降。
