Sperling L C, Mezebish D S
Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 1998 Sep;82(5):1155-69. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(05)70408-9.
A few common causes of hair loss account for the vast majority of cases. A well-directed history and simple physical examination is often sufficient to make a diagnosis. Laboratory testing is often unnecessary. A scalp biopsy can be useful, but only if processed and interpreted correctly. Androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, senescent alopecia, telogen effluvium, traction alopecia, trichotillomania, and cosmetic hair damage are common causes of non-scarring alopecia. Discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, and central, centrifugal scarring alopecia are the most common forms of scarring hair loss.
少数几种常见的脱发原因占了绝大多数病例。针对性明确的病史和简单的体格检查通常足以做出诊断。实验室检查往往没有必要。头皮活检可能有用，但前提是处理和解读正确。雄激素性脱发、斑秃、老年性脱发、休止期脱发、牵拉性脱发、拔毛癖和美容性毛发损伤是非瘢痕性脱发的常见原因。盘状红斑狼疮、扁平苔藓性毛发角化病和中心离心性瘢痕性脱发是瘢痕性脱发最常见的形式。
