De Stefani E, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Mendilaharsu M, Ronco A, Carzoglio J C
Registro Nacional de Cancer, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Nutr Cancer. 1998;31(2):132-7. doi: 10.1080/01635589809514692.
To examine whether dietary sugar modifies lung cancer risk, a case-control study involving 463 cases with lung cancer and 465 hospitalized controls was conducted in Uruguay in the period 1993-1996. Dietary patterns were assessed in detail using a 64-item food-frequency questionnaire, which allowed the calculation of total energy intake. After adjustment for potential confounders through a model that included tobacco smoking and total energy, total fat, vitamin C, and alpha-carotene intakes, an increased risk for sugar-rich foods, total sucrose intake, sucrose to dietary fiber ratio, and glycemic index for lung cancer was observed (odds ratio for highest category of total sucrose intake = 1.55, 95% confidence interval = 0.99-2.44). When lung cancer was analyzed separately by cell type, odds ratios for small cell and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma were higher than those observed for squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the lung. The joint effect of pack-years, total fat intake, and sucrose intake was associated with an increased risk of 28.3 (95% confidence interval = 13.4-59.7) for high values of the three variables. The study suggests that high sucrose intake could be an important risk factor in lung carcinogenesis. Further studies, both epidemiological and experimental, are needed to replicate the present findings and to clarify the mechanism(s) of sucrose intake in lung carcinogenesis.
为研究膳食糖是否会改变肺癌风险，1993年至1996年期间在乌拉圭开展了一项病例对照研究，涉及463例肺癌患者和465例住院对照者。使用一份包含64个条目的食物频率问卷详细评估膳食模式，该问卷可用于计算总能量摄入。通过一个包含吸烟以及总能量、总脂肪、维生素C和α-胡萝卜素摄入量的模型对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，观察到富含糖的食物、总蔗糖摄入量、蔗糖与膳食纤维的比值以及血糖指数与肺癌风险增加有关（总蔗糖摄入量最高类别对应的优势比=1.55，95%置信区间=0.99-2.44）。当按细胞类型分别分析肺癌时，小细胞和大细胞未分化癌的优势比高于肺鳞状细胞癌和腺癌。吸烟包年数、总脂肪摄入量和蔗糖摄入量的联合作用与这三个变量高值时28.3（95%置信区间=13.4-59.7）的风险增加相关。该研究表明高蔗糖摄入量可能是肺癌发生的一个重要危险因素。需要进一步开展流行病学和实验研究来重复本研究结果，并阐明蔗糖摄入量在肺癌发生中的机制。
