Eakes G G, Burke M L, Hainsworth M A
School of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA.
Image J Nurs Sch. 1998;30(2):179-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01276.x.
To introduce a middle-range nursing theory of chronic sorrow that presents this sorrow as a normal response to ongoing disparity due to loss. Chronic sorrow is the periodic recurrence of permanent, pervasive sadness or other grief related feelings associated with a significant loss. The theory provides a framework for understanding and working with people following a single or ongoing loss.
The model of chronic sorrow includes antecedents, trigger events, and internal and external management methods.
Theory is useful for analyzing individual responses of people experiencing ongoing disparity due to chronic illness, caregiving responsibilities, loss of the "perfect" child, or bereavement.
The theory was developed using concept analysis, critical review of research, and validation in 10 qualitative studies of various loss situations.
Chronic sorrow has been shown to explain the experience of people across the lifespan who encounter ongoing disparity because of significant loss. Nurses need to view chronic sorrow as a normal response to loss and, when it is triggered, provide support by fostering positive coping strategies and assuming roles that increase comfort.
介绍一种慢性悲伤的中程护理理论，该理论将这种悲伤视为因丧失而导致的持续差距的正常反应。慢性悲伤是与重大丧失相关的永久性、普遍性悲伤或其他悲伤相关情绪的周期性复发。该理论为理解和帮助经历单次或持续丧失的人提供了一个框架。
慢性悲伤模型包括前因、触发事件以及内部和外部管理方法。
该理论有助于分析因慢性病、护理责任、失去“完美”孩子或丧亲之痛而经历持续差距的人的个体反应。
该理论是通过概念分析、对研究的批判性回顾以及在10项关于各种丧失情况的定性研究中的验证而发展起来的。
慢性悲伤已被证明可以解释一生中因重大丧失而遭遇持续差距的人的经历。护士需要将慢性悲伤视为对丧失的正常反应，并在其被触发时，通过培养积极的应对策略和承担能增加舒适度的角色来提供支持。
