黑猩猩的有意交流：一项关于指示性手势使用的横断面研究。
Intentional communication by chimpanzees: a cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures.
作者信息
Leavens D A, Hopkins W D
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
出版信息
Dev Psychol. 1998 Sep;34(5):813-22. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.813.
Abstract
This study describes the use of referential gestures with concomitant gaze orienting behavior to both distal food objects and communicative interactants by 115 chimpanzees, ranging from 3 to 56 years of age. Gaze alternation between a banana and an experimenter was significantly associated with vocal and gestural communication. Pointing was the most common gesture elicited; 47 subjects pointed with the whole hand, whereas 6 subjects pointed with index fingers. Thus, communicative pointing is commonly used by laboratory chimpanzees, without explicit training to point, language training, or home rearing. Juveniles exhibited striking decrements in their propensity to communicate with adult male experimenters compared with older chimpanzees. Significantly fewer mother-reared chimpanzees exhibited gaze alternation compared with nursery-reared chimpanzees.
摘要
本研究描述了115只年龄在3至56岁之间的黑猩猩在指向远处食物对象和交流互动者时使用指示性手势并伴有目光定向行为的情况。在香蕉和实验者之间的目光交替与声音和手势交流显著相关。最常出现的手势是指物；47只黑猩猩用整只手来指，而6只黑猩猩用食指来指。因此，实验室中的黑猩猩在没有明确的指物训练、语言训练或家庭饲养的情况下，通常会使用交流性指物。与年龄较大的黑猩猩相比，幼年黑猩猩与成年雄性实验者交流的倾向明显下降。与饲养在保育所的黑猩猩相比，由母亲抚养长大的黑猩猩进行目光交替的情况明显较少。
相似文献
1
Intentional communication by chimpanzees: a cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures.黑猩猩的有意交流：一项关于指示性手势使用的横断面研究。
Dev Psychol. 1998 Sep;34(5):813-22. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.813.
2
Indexical and referential pointing in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）中的指示性和指代性指向
J Comp Psychol. 1996 Dec;110(4):346-53. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.110.4.346.
3
Hand use and gestural communication in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的手部使用与手势交流。
J Comp Psychol. 1998 Mar;112(1):95-9. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.112.1.95.
4
Differential use of vocal and gestural communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in response to the attentional status of a human (Homo sapiens).黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）根据人类（Homo sapiens）的注意力状态对声音和手势交流的不同运用。
J Comp Psychol. 2001 Dec;115(4):337-43. doi: 10.1037//0735-7036.115.4.337.
5
The higher the farther: distance-specific referential gestures in chimpanzees ().距离越远越高：黑猩猩中特定距离的指示性手势（）
Biol Lett. 2017 Nov;13(11). doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0398.
6
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) intentional communication is not contingent upon food.黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的有意交流并非以食物为条件。
Anim Cogn. 2005 Oct;8(4):263-72. doi: 10.1007/s10071-005-0253-3. Epub 2005 Mar 2.
7
Sensitivity to the communicative partner's attentional state: A developmental study on mother-infant dyads in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).对交际伙伴注意状态的敏感性：野生黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii）母婴对子的发展研究。
Am J Primatol. 2021 Dec;83(12):e23339. doi: 10.1002/ajp.23339. Epub 2021 Oct 11.
8
Different social motives in the gestural communication of chimpanzees and human children.黑猩猩和人类儿童手势交际中的不同社会动机。
Dev Sci. 2011 Jan;14(1):58-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00952.x.
9
Dogs (Canis familiaris), but not chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), understand imperative pointing.狗（Canis familiaris），但不是黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes），能够理解命令式指向。
PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e30913. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030913. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
10
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) pointing: hand shapes, accuracy, and the role of eye gaze.黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的指示行为：手部形状、准确性以及目光注视的作用。
J Comp Psychol. 1997 Dec;111(4):330-6. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.111.4.330.
引用本文的文献
1
Showing-intentional communication-in dogs ().犬类的意图性交流展示（ ）。 （括号部分原文内容缺失，翻译可能不太完整准确）
Front Psychol. 2025 Jun 25;16:1608797. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1608797. eCollection 2025.
2
Combinatorics and complexity of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) facial signals.黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）面部信号的组合学与复杂性
Anim Cogn. 2025 Apr 30;28(1):34. doi: 10.1007/s10071-025-01955-0.
3
Individual variation in the chimpanzee arcuate fasciculus predicts vocal and gestural communication.黑猩猩弓状束的个体差异预示着声音和手势交流。
Nat Commun. 2025 Apr 17;16(1):3681. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58784-5.
4
Potential evidence of reengagement attempts following interruptions of a triadic social game in bonobos and chimpanzees.倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩在三人社交游戏中断后重新参与尝试的潜在证据。
PLoS One. 2025 Mar 26;20(3):e0292984. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292984. eCollection 2025.
5
Bodies at play: the role of intercorporeality and bodily affordances in coordinating social play in chimpanzees in the wild.玩耍中的身体：具身交互性和身体可供性在野生黑猩猩社会玩耍协调中的作用
Front Psychol. 2024 Jan 16;14:1206497. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1206497. eCollection 2023.
6
Object use in communication of semi-wild chimpanzees.黑猩猩半野生状态下的物体使用与交流行为
Anim Cogn. 2023 Sep;26(5):1521-1537. doi: 10.1007/s10071-023-01792-z. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
7
GesturalOrigins: A bottom-up framework for establishing systematic gesture data across ape species.手势起源：一种自下而上的框架，用于在猿类物种中建立系统的手势数据。
Behav Res Methods. 2024 Feb;56(2):986-1001. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02082-9. Epub 2023 Mar 15.
8
Vasopressin, and not oxytocin, receptor gene methylation is associated with individual differences in receptive joint attention in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).血管加压素，而不是催产素，受体基因甲基化与黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）接受性联合注意的个体差异有关。
Autism Res. 2023 Apr;16(4):713-722. doi: 10.1002/aur.2895. Epub 2023 Feb 4.
9
Neuroanatomical correlates of individual differences in the object choice task in chimpanzees ().黑猩猩物体选择任务中个体差异的神经解剖学关联（）。
Front Psychol. 2022 Nov 25;13:1057722. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1057722. eCollection 2022.
10
Are ape gestures like words? Outstanding issues in detecting similarities and differences between human language and ape gesture.猿类的手势像语言吗？在检测人类语言和猿类手势的相似和不同之处方面存在的突出问题。
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022 Sep 26;377(1860):20210301. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0301. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
本文引用的文献
1
The cultural capacity of chimpanzee.黑猩猩的文化能力。
Hum Biol. 1954 Sep;26(3):288-303.
2
Hand use and gestural communication in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的手部使用与手势交流。
J Comp Psychol. 1998 Mar;112(1):95-9. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.112.1.95.
3
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) pointing: hand shapes, accuracy, and the role of eye gaze.黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的指示行为：手部形状、准确性以及目光注视的作用。
J Comp Psychol. 1997 Dec;111(4):330-6. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.111.4.330.
4
Social referencing by young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).幼年黑猩猩（黑猩猩属）的社会参照行为。
J Comp Psychol. 1997 Jun;111(2):185-93. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.111.2.185.
5
Indexical and referential pointing in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）中的指示性和指代性指向
J Comp Psychol. 1996 Dec;110(4):346-53. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.110.4.346.
6
Pointing and social awareness: declaring and requesting in the second year.指示与社会意识：第二年的宣告与请求
J Child Lang. 1996 Jun;23(2):307-36. doi: 10.1017/s0305000900008813.
7
What young chimpanzees know about seeing.幼年黑猩猩对视觉的认知
Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 1996;61(3):i-vi, 1-152; discussion 153-91.
8
Imitative learning of actions on objects by children, chimpanzees, and enculturated chimpanzees.儿童、黑猩猩和驯化黑猩猩对物体进行动作的模仿学习。
Child Dev. 1993 Dec;64(6):1688-705.
9
Differences between chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans (Homo sapiens) in the resting state of the index finger: implications for pointing.黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）与人类（Homo sapiens）食指静息状态的差异：对指示动作的影响
J Comp Psychol. 1994 Jun;108(2):134-9. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.108.2.134.
10
Hand preferences for bimanual feeding in 140 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): rearing and ontogenetic determinants.140只圈养黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）双手喂食的用手偏好：饲养与个体发育决定因素
Dev Psychobiol. 1994 Sep;27(6):395-407. doi: 10.1002/dev.420270607.
Zotero 插件