Almeida D M, Kessler R C
Division of Family Studies, School of Family and Consumer Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721-0033, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Sep;75(3):670-80. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.75.3.670.
This article examines gender differences in psychological distress by assessing men's and women's experience of daily stressors and psychological distress in a sample of 166 married couples. Respondents completed a structured daily diary each day over the course of 42 days. Results showed that women reported a higher prevalence of high distress days and a lower prevalence of distress-free days than men. Gender differences in daily distress were attributable largely to women experiencing more onsets of distress episodes rather than being more likely to continue in a distress state from one day to subsequent days. Results from hierarchical linear models (HLM) indicated that the significant gender differences diminished after respondents' daily stressors were taken into account. Implications of these findings for gender role and rumination theories are discussed.
本文通过评估166对已婚夫妇样本中男性和女性的日常压力源经历及心理困扰，研究了心理困扰方面的性别差异。受访者在42天的时间里每天完成一份结构化的日常日记。结果显示，与男性相比，女性报告的高困扰天数患病率更高，无困扰天数患病率更低。日常困扰中的性别差异主要归因于女性经历更多的困扰发作，而非更有可能从一天到后续日子持续处于困扰状态。分层线性模型（HLM）的结果表明，在考虑受访者的日常压力源后，显著的性别差异有所减小。本文讨论了这些发现对性别角色和沉思理论的启示。
