Harris D L
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1998 Sep;76(9):2294-302. doi: 10.2527/1998.7692294x.
The shift in perspectives about livestock improvement over a 70-yr period is reviewed. The view changes from livestock improvement as an art, through its becoming a science, to its application as a technology in industry. The use of scientific tools in corporate settings for poultry, dairy, and swine breeding usually involves a strong focus on the economics of production, and this focus determines that selection indexes should be used. Such focus has seemed to not have been present in breeding for the extensively managed species and livestock classes but seems needed in order to provide a basis for organization and direction of positive contributions of the breeding segment to the production segment.
回顾了70年来家畜改良观念的转变。观念从将家畜改良视为一门技艺，发展为一门科学，进而在产业中作为一项技术应用。在企业环境中，家禽、奶牛和猪育种使用科学工具通常高度关注生产经济学，这种关注决定了应使用选择指数。这种关注在粗放管理的物种和家畜类别育种中似乎并不存在，但为了给育种部门对生产部门的积极贡献提供组织和指导基础，似乎是必要的。
