[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most serious complications of neonatal intensive care. This chronic lung disease usually follows early pulmonary injuries. Surfactant defect, oxygen toxicity and barotrauma are three major factors leading to diffuse alveolar and bronchiolar damage, first step of BPD. BPD usually appears in preterm infants and correlates with degree of prematurity and the severity of neonatal distress syndrome. Infants with BPD frequently have poor outcome; the mortality rate is near 30%. The long-term survival prognosis is uncertain with a risk of bronchopathy in adulthood. Until date, current management of BDP is unsuccessful. New strategies are required to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and decrease its severity.