Fay M, Eisenmann C, Diwan S, de Rosa C
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Toxicol Ind Health. 1998 Sep-Oct;14(5):571-781. doi: 10.1177/074823379801400501.
Xylenes, or dimethylbenzenes, are among the highest-volume chemicals in production. Common uses are for gasoline blending, as a solvent or component in a wide variety of products from paints to printing ink, and in the production of phthalates and polyester. They are often encountered as a mixture of the three dimethyl isomers, together with ethylbenzene. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that are of greatest concern for public health purposes. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of this profile (ATSDR, 1995) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of known human and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and end point, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing toxicity after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, as mandated by CERCLA (or Superfund), prepares these profiles to inform and assist the public.
二甲苯，即二甲基苯，是产量最高的化学品之一。其常见用途包括用于汽油调合，作为溶剂或多种产品（从油漆到印刷油墨）的成分，以及用于邻苯二甲酸盐和聚酯的生产。它们通常以三种二甲基异构体与乙苯的混合物形式出现。作为其任务的一部分，有毒物质和疾病登记署（ATSDR）针对在《综合环境反应、赔偿和责任法》（CERCLA）国家优先名录（NPL）场地中发现的、对公众健康最为关切的危险化学品编写毒理学概况。这些概况全面总结了毒理学和环境信息。本文将该概况（ATSDR，1995年）的大部分内容发布到主流科学文献中。文中按途径、持续时间和终点列出了已知的对人类和动物健康影响的详尽清单。还包括有关毒代动力学、生物标志物、相互作用、敏感亚群、接触后降低毒性以及与公众健康相关性的毒理学信息。环境信息涵盖物理性质、生产和用途、环境归宿、在环境中所见水平、分析方法以及法规清单。ATSDR根据CERCLA（或超级基金）的授权编写这些概况，以告知和协助公众。
