Mumtaz M M, George J D, Gold K W, Cibulas W, DeRosa C T
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Toxicol Ind Health. 1996 Nov-Dec;12(6):742-971. doi: 10.1177/074823379601200601.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. There are more than 100 PAHs. PAHs generally occur as complex mixtures (for example, as part of products such as soot), not as single compounds. PAHs are found throughout the environment in the air, water, and soil. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals, including PAHs (ATSDR, 1995), found at facilities on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) and which pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These profiles include information on health effects of chemicals from different routes and durations of exposure, their potential for exposure, regulations and advisories, and the adequacy of the existing database. Assessing the health effects of PAHs is a major challenge because environmental exposures to these chemicals are usually to complex mixtures of PAHs with other chemicals. The biological consequences of human exposure to mixtures of PAHs depend on the toxicity, carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic, of the individual components of the mixture, the types of interactions among them, and confounding factors that are not thoroughly understood. Also identified are components of exposure and health effects research needed on PAHs that will allow estimation of realistic human health risks posed by exposures to PAHs. The exposure assessment component of research should focus on (1) development of reliable analytical methods for the determination of bioavailable PAHs following ingestion, (2) estimation of bioavailable PAHs from environmental media, particularly the determination of particle-bound PAHs, (3) data on ambient levels of PAHs metabolites in tissues/fluids of control populations, and (4) the need for a critical evaluation of current levels of PAHs found in environmental media including data from hazardous waste sites. The health effects component should focus on obtaining information on (1) the health effects of mixtures of PAHs particularly their noncarcinogenic effects in humans, and (2) their toxicokinetics. This report provides excerpts from the toxicological profile of PAHs (ATSDR, 1995) that contains more detailed information.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是在煤、石油、天然气、木材、垃圾或其他有机物质（如烟草和烤焦的肉类）不完全燃烧过程中形成的一组化学物质。PAHs有100多种。PAHs通常以复杂混合物的形式存在（例如，作为煤烟等产品的一部分），而不是单一化合物。PAHs在空气、水和土壤等整个环境中都有发现。作为其任务的一部分，有毒物质和疾病登记署（ATSDR）编写了关于危险化学品的毒理学概况，包括在《综合环境反应、赔偿和责任法》（CERCLA）国家优先名录（NPL）上的设施中发现的、且经ATSDR和环境保护局（EPA）确定对人类健康构成最重大潜在威胁的PAHs（ATSDR，1995年）。这些概况包括化学品从不同接触途径和持续时间产生的健康影响、接触可能性、法规和建议以及现有数据库的充分性等信息。评估PAHs的健康影响是一项重大挑战，因为环境中接触这些化学品通常是接触PAHs与其他化学品的复杂混合物。人类接触PAHs混合物的生物学后果取决于混合物中各成分的毒性（致癌和非致癌）、它们之间的相互作用类型以及尚未完全了解的混杂因素。还确定了PAHs接触和健康影响研究的组成部分，这些研究将有助于估计接触PAHs对人类健康造成的实际风险。研究的接触评估部分应侧重于：（1）开发可靠的分析方法以测定摄入后生物可利用的PAHs；（2）从环境介质中估计生物可利用的PAHs，特别是颗粒结合PAHs的测定；（3）对照人群组织/体液中PAHs代谢物的环境水平数据；（4）对环境介质中PAHs当前水平进行批判性评估的必要性，包括来自危险废物场地的数据。健康影响部分应侧重于获取有关以下方面的信息：（1）PAHs混合物的健康影响，特别是其对人类的非致癌影响；（2）它们的毒代动力学。本报告提供了PAHs毒理学概况（ATSDR，1995年）的摘录，其中包含更详细的信息。
