Smith C, Lilly S, Mann K P, Livingston E, Myers S, Lyerly H K, Miralles G D
Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Ann Med. 1998 Aug;30(4):323-44. doi: 10.3109/07853899809029932.
In the US over one million persons are currently infected with the HIV, over half a million have had AIDS, and over 300,000 have died from AIDS. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than 17 million people are currently infected with HIV, and over 1,200,000 cases of AIDS have been reported to the World Health Organization. By some estimates, up to 40% of patients with AIDS will ultimately develop some form of cancer. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and invasive cervical cancer have a higher incidence in persons with HIV infection and all three are AIDS-defining illnesses. In addition, several reports suggest that a number of other malignancies may occur at an increased incidence in persons with HIV infection, including squamous-cell carcinoma of the head, neck and anus, plasmacytoma, melanoma, small-cell lung cancer, basal-cell cancer, and germ-cell tumours. Clinicians should become familiar with HIV-related malignancies as their incidence is expected to further increase as more effective therapies for HIV and associated opportunistic infections allow patients to live longer in an advanced state of immunodeficiency. In the current article, we will review the clinical and therapeutic aspects of the most common AIDS-related malignancies including non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphomas, Kaposi's sarcoma and anogenital epithelial neoplasias.
在美国，目前有超过100万人感染了艾滋病毒，50多万人患有艾滋病，超过30万人死于艾滋病。据估计，全球目前有超过1700万人感染了艾滋病毒，向世界卫生组织报告的艾滋病病例超过120万例。据一些估计，高达40%的艾滋病患者最终会患上某种形式的癌症。非霍奇金淋巴瘤、卡波西肉瘤和浸润性宫颈癌在艾滋病毒感染者中的发病率较高，这三种疾病均为艾滋病界定疾病。此外，一些报告表明，艾滋病毒感染者中其他一些恶性肿瘤的发病率可能会增加，包括头颈部和肛门的鳞状细胞癌、浆细胞瘤、黑色素瘤、小细胞肺癌、基底细胞癌和生殖细胞肿瘤。临床医生应熟悉与艾滋病毒相关的恶性肿瘤，因为随着针对艾滋病毒及相关机会性感染的更有效疗法使患者在免疫缺陷晚期活得更长，预计其发病率会进一步上升。在本文中，我们将综述最常见的与艾滋病相关的恶性肿瘤的临床和治疗方面，包括非霍奇金淋巴瘤和霍奇金淋巴瘤、卡波西肉瘤和肛门生殖器上皮肿瘤。
