Antsaklis A J
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.
Fetal Diagn Ther. 1998 Jul-Aug;13(4):209-15. doi: 10.1159/000020840.
Routine ultrasound examination is defined as a screening procedure performed on the total obstetric population usually at 18-20 weeks of gestation as opposed to the selective use of ultrasound that might provide more information for a problem that is suspected on clinical grounds. Standard ultrasound examination includes a comprehensive examination of fetal anatomy as part of routine ultrasound. It is important for the clinician to realise that the comprehensive examination of fetal anatomy is an essential, not optional, part of the routine examination. Screening may lead to unnecessary anxiety if there is a false-positive result, or to a false sense of security if there is a false-negative result. The routine offering of obstetric ultrasound screening is the central issue in the general question of whether every woman should receive an obstetric ultrasound examination. The majority of countries have adopted the following diagnostic strategy. All pregnancies must be ultrasonographically tested in accordance with the protocols commonly recommended. The ultrasonography done at 18-20 weeks, which is known to be fundamental for diagnosing prenatal malformations, must always be performed at level II. High-risk pregnancies of malformations are to be selected in the first level of screening and referred to level II for further study. There is extensive literature neither supporting an improvement in perinatal morbidity or mortality nor an overall reduction in unnecessary intervention with routine ultrasound. The role of routine ultrasonography and its validity as a screening test for fetal malformation in a low-risk population is still the object of debate.
常规超声检查被定义为对所有产科人群进行的一种筛查程序，通常在妊娠18至20周时进行，这与选择性使用超声不同，后者可能会为基于临床怀疑的问题提供更多信息。标准超声检查包括对胎儿解剖结构的全面检查，这是常规超声检查的一部分。临床医生必须认识到，对胎儿解剖结构的全面检查是常规检查的一个基本而非可选项的部分。如果出现假阳性结果，筛查可能会导致不必要的焦虑；如果出现假阴性结果，则可能会导致虚假的安全感。产科超声筛查的常规提供是每个女性是否都应接受产科超声检查这一普遍问题的核心。大多数国家采用了以下诊断策略。所有妊娠都必须按照通常推荐的方案进行超声检查。已知对诊断产前畸形至关重要的18至20周超声检查必须始终在二级水平进行。畸形高危妊娠应在一级筛查中选出，并转诊至二级进行进一步检查。大量文献既不支持围产期发病率或死亡率的改善，也不支持常规超声检查能总体减少不必要的干预。常规超声检查在低危人群中作为胎儿畸形筛查试验的作用及其有效性仍是争论的焦点。
