Linney Y M, Peters E R, Ayton P
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1998 Sep;37(3):285-302. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1998.tb01386.x.
The objective was to test whether individuals high in delusional ideation exhibit a reasoning bias on tasks involving hypothesis testing and probability judgments. On the basis of previous findings (e.g. Garety, Hemsley & Wessely, 1991), it was predicted that individuals high in delusional ideation would exhibit a 'jump-to-conclusions' style of reasoning and would be less sensitive to the effects of random variation, in comparison to individuals low in delusional ideation.
A non-randomized matched groups design was employed enabling the performance of the delusion prone individuals to be compared to that of a control group.
Forty individuals, selected from the normal population, were divided into groups high and low in delusional ideation, according to their scores on the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (Peters, Day & Garety, 1996), and were compared on two tasks involving probability judgment and two tasks involving hypothesis testing.
Although no significant differences were found on tasks involving hypothesis testing and the aggregation of probabilistic information, it was found that individuals high in delusional ideation had a 'jump-to-conclusions' style of data gathering and were less sensitive to the effects of random variation, in comparison to individuals low in delusional ideation.
In conclusion, although individuals high in delusional ideation were not found to have a general reasoning bias, some evidence of a more specific bias was found. It is thought that these aberrations may play some role in delusion formation in schizophrenia and paranoia.
本研究旨在测试在涉及假设检验和概率判断的任务中，具有高度妄想观念的个体是否表现出推理偏差。基于先前的研究结果（如Garety、Hemsley和Wessely，1991），预计与妄想观念较少的个体相比，具有高度妄想观念的个体将表现出“急于下结论”的推理风格，并且对随机变异的影响不太敏感。
采用非随机匹配组设计，以便将易产生妄想的个体的表现与对照组进行比较。
从正常人群中选取40名个体，根据他们在彼得斯等人的妄想量表（Peters、Day和Garety，1996）上的得分，分为妄想观念高分组和低分组，并在两项涉及概率判断的任务和两项涉及假设检验的任务上进行比较。
尽管在涉及假设检验和概率信息汇总的任务中未发现显著差异，但发现与妄想观念较少的个体相比，具有高度妄想观念的个体在数据收集方面具有 “急于下结论” 的风格，并且对随机变异的影响不太敏感。
总之，尽管未发现具有高度妄想观念的个体存在一般推理偏差，但发现了一些更具体偏差的证据。据认为，这些异常可能在精神分裂症和偏执狂的妄想形成中起一定作用。
