Nutrition and cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis is commonly associated with energy deficiency in children and adults. Chronic undernutrition will lead to failure to thrive, wasting, and stunting of linear growth; nutrition and survival are intimately related in cystic fibrosis. These problems can simply be considered as energy imbalance, and management centers on restoration of energy balance. Specific nutrient deficiencies, such as fat soluble vitamins, are common in cystic fibrosis. Recent work has highlighted problems with bone density and also the prevalence of vitamin K deficiency. Management of nutritional problems can be complex, and injudicious treatment can further worsen the situation, as the relationship between high daily doses of pancreatic enzymes and the development of fibrosing colonopathy illustrates.