Ekstrand J, Lundmark A
Idrottskliniken, Linköping Medical Center.
Lakartidningen. 1998 Sep 23;95(39):4244-6, 4248.
A review of literature on the prevention of sports injuries shows many preventive measures to have been suggested, but few clinical trials to have been performed. A database search yielded only seven prospective, randomised studies, of which two showed soccer and running injuries to be preventable using a combination of preventive measures. Other clinical trials have shown it possible to prevent certain types of injury in other sports as well. The use of prophylactic ankle stabilisers and/or proprioceptive ankle disc training to reduce the incidence of ankle sprain is well documented. Of two studies presenting preventive measures to reduce the incidence of knee ligament injuries, one showed the risk of knee sprain in American football to be reducible by means of a knee brace, and the other that the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer could be reduced by proprioceptive training. Several commonly used preventive measures, such as stretching, taping, mental training and controlled rehabilitation, still await further documentation or the scrutiny of a clinical trial.
一项关于预防运动损伤的文献综述表明，虽然已经提出了许多预防措施，但进行的临床试验却很少。数据库检索仅得到七项前瞻性随机研究，其中两项表明，通过综合预防措施可以预防足球和跑步损伤。其他临床试验也表明，在其他运动中预防某些类型的损伤也是可能的。使用预防性脚踝稳定器和/或本体感觉脚踝盘训练来降低脚踝扭伤的发生率已有充分记录。在两项提出预防措施以降低膝关节韧带损伤发生率的研究中，一项表明美式足球中膝关节扭伤的风险可通过膝关节支具降低，另一项表明足球中前交叉韧带损伤的风险可通过本体感觉训练降低。一些常用的预防措施，如拉伸、贴扎、心理训练和控制性康复，仍有待进一步记录或临床试验的检验。
