Thompson R L, Wright A J
Division of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1998 Oct;73(10):995-1006. doi: 10.4065/73.10.995.
Antimicrobial agents are appropriate treatment for acute, severe, persistent, or progressive infectious diseases. The efficacy of treatment depends on the accuracy of the diagnosis of infection and the appropriateness of the antimicrobial agent for the causative microorganism. In this symposium, the antimicrobial agents reviewed correspond with the bacterial, fungal, viral, mycobacterial, parasitic, chlamydial, and other microorganisms that cause disease in humans. Usually, the etiologic possibilities can be limited on the basis of the history and physical examination, laboratory tests, or results of treatment trials. Many of the same findings, however, can result from noninfectious, other inflammatory, or unknown mechanisms. Manifestations such as fever and organ dysfunction are nonspecific and often not caused by an infectious process. Even when infection is clinically apparent, the causative microorganism may not be identified, and empiric treatment with broad-spectrum agents is appropriate in many cases of serious disease.
抗菌药物适用于急性、严重、持续性或进行性感染性疾病。治疗效果取决于感染诊断的准确性以及抗菌药物对致病微生物的适用性。在本次研讨会上，所回顾的抗菌药物与引起人类疾病的细菌、真菌、病毒、分枝杆菌、寄生虫、衣原体及其他微生物相对应。通常，根据病史、体格检查、实验室检查或治疗试验结果，可缩小病因的可能性范围。然而，许多相同的表现可能由非感染性、其他炎症性或不明机制引起。发热和器官功能障碍等表现是非特异性的，通常并非由感染过程所致。即使临床上感染明显，致病微生物也可能无法确定，在许多严重疾病的情况下，使用广谱药物进行经验性治疗是合适的。
