Chartier C, Hoste H, Bouquet W, Malpaux B, Pors I, Koch C
CNEVA-Niort, Station Régionale de Pathologie Caprine, France.
Parasitol Res. 1998 Oct;84(10):806-10. doi: 10.1007/s004360050492.
Previous data on periparturient relaxation of immunity during gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats are scarce and conflicting; one study carried out in fiber (Angora) goats showed a positive association of fecal egg counts with prolactin concentrations around parturition, whereas the two other available studies dealing with dairy goats, gave divergent results. The objectives of the study were thus to assess the occurrence of a periparturient rise in fecal egg counts in dairy goats and to examine a possible relationship between the level of milk production and the intensity of the periparturient rise. A total of 28 French Alpine grazing dairy goats naturally infected with Teladorsagia, Trichostrongylus, and Oesophagostomum were allocated into two groups according to their reproductive status; group 1 (n = 7) consisted of nonpregnant lactating animals in the 3rd month of lactation, whereas group 2 (n = 21) was composed of dry goats at 6 weeks before term. Fecal egg counts, pepsinogen and phosphate blood concentrations, blood eosinophil counts, and prolactin concentrations were individually monitored at weekly intervals for 12 weeks (from midwinter to early spring). The mean fecal egg counts were significantly higher in pregnant goats during the 2 weeks before (668 versus 242 eggs per gram of feces (epg), P < 0.05) and the 2 weeks after (962 versus 279 epg, P < 0.01) parturition as compared with nonpregnant lactating animals. No significant difference was seen in the composition of larval cultures between the two groups of animals, with Oesophagostomum infective larvae being found predominantly, particularly at the time of parturition. Pepsinogen and phosphate concentrations as well as blood eosinophil counts were similar between the two groups throughout the survey and indicated a moderate larval challenge. The mean prolactin concentration measured in pregnant goats was significantly higher (P < 0.01) at the time of parturition (298 versus 130 ng ml(-1)) and at 4 weeks after parturition (387 versus 193 ng ml(-1)) than that determined in nonpregnant animals. Furthermore, a significant correlation (rs = 0.30, df = 79; P < 0.01) between fecal egg counts and prolactin concentrations was recorded for the pregnant goats during the 4-weeks period around parturition.
此前关于山羊胃肠道线虫感染期间围产期免疫放松的资料稀缺且相互矛盾；一项针对安哥拉山羊的研究表明，产犊前后粪便虫卵计数与催乳素浓度呈正相关，而另外两项针对奶山羊的研究结果却不一致。因此，本研究的目的是评估奶山羊围产期粪便虫卵计数的增加情况，并研究产奶量水平与围产期增加强度之间可能存在的关系。将28只自然感染了毛圆线虫、毛首线虫和食道口线虫的法国阿尔卑斯放牧奶山羊，根据其繁殖状态分为两组；第1组（n = 7）由泌乳第3个月的非妊娠泌乳动物组成，而第2组（n = 21）由预产期前6周的干奶山羊组成。在12周内（从冬季中期到春季早期）每周对粪便虫卵计数、胃蛋白酶原和磷酸盐血液浓度、血液嗜酸性粒细胞计数以及催乳素浓度进行个体监测。与非妊娠泌乳动物相比，妊娠山羊在分娩前2周（668对242个每克粪便虫卵数（epg），P < 0.05）和分娩后2周（962对279 epg，P < 0.01）的平均粪便虫卵计数显著更高。两组动物幼虫培养物的组成没有显著差异，主要发现的是食道口线虫感染性幼虫，尤其是在分娩时。在整个调查过程中两组之间的胃蛋白酶原和磷酸盐浓度以及血液嗜酸性粒细胞计数相似，表明幼虫感染程度适中。妊娠山羊在分娩时（298对130 ng ml(-1)）和分娩后4周（387对193 ng ml(-1)）测得的平均催乳素浓度显著高于非妊娠动物。此外，在分娩前后4周期间，妊娠山羊的粪便虫卵计数与催乳素浓度之间存在显著相关性（rs = 0.30，df = 79；P < 0.01）。
