Conces D J
Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
J Thorac Imaging. 1998 Oct;13(4):261-70. doi: 10.1097/00005382-199810000-00006.
Immunocompromised patients develop infections resulting from a wide range of organisms. The most commonly encountered type of infection is bacterial in origin. Many of the infections are community-acquired pneumonias in which most of the infections are caused by organisms that typically produce disease in the healthy person. Hospital-acquired pneumonias are particularly serious, being caused by the highly virulent gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. Immunocompromised patients frequently have indwelling intravascular catheters. These catheters may become infected and seed the lung with septic emboli, producing a hematogenous pneumonia. Underlying conditions and therapy increase the risk for aspiration in the immunocompromised patient. These aspirations can result in the development of an aspiration pneumonia and lung abscess formation. The majority of pneumonias resulting from Legionella and Nocardia occur in immunocompromised patients.
免疫功能低下的患者会发生由多种病原体引起的感染。最常见的感染类型是细菌性感染。许多感染是社区获得性肺炎，其中大多数感染是由通常在健康人身上致病的病原体引起的。医院获得性肺炎尤为严重，由高毒力的革兰氏阴性杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌引起。免疫功能低下的患者经常留置血管内导管。这些导管可能会被感染，并将脓毒性栓子播散到肺部，导致血源性肺炎。基础疾病和治疗会增加免疫功能低下患者发生误吸的风险。这些误吸可导致吸入性肺炎和肺脓肿的形成。由军团菌和诺卡菌引起的肺炎大多发生在免疫功能低下的患者中。
