按姓名报告艾滋病病毒对公共资助的咨询与检测项目中艾滋病病毒检测使用情况的影响。

Effect of HIV reporting by name on use of HIV testing in publicly funded counseling and testing programs.

作者信息

Nakashima A K, Horsley R, Frey R L, Sweeney P A, Weber J T, Fleming P L

机构信息

Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

出版信息

JAMA. 1998 Oct 28;280(16):1421-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.280.16.1421.

DOI:10.1001/jama.280.16.1421

PMID:9801002

Abstract

CONTEXT

Policies requiring confidential reporting by name to state health departments of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have potential to cause some of them to avoid HIV testing.

OBJECTIVE

To describe trends in use of HIV testing services at publicly funded HIV counseling and testing sites before and after the implementation of HIV reporting policies.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Analysis of service provision data from 6 state health departments (Louisiana, Michigan, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, and Tennessee) 12 months before and 12 months after HIV reporting was introduced.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE

Percent change in numbers of persons tested at publicly funded HIV counseling and testing sites after implementation of confidential HIV reporting by risk group.

RESULTS

No significant declines in the total number of HIV tests provided at counseling and testing sites in the months immediately after implementation of HIV reporting occurred in any state, other than those expected from trends present before HIV reporting. Increases occurred in Nebraska (15.8%), Nevada (48.4%), New Jersey (21.3%), and Tennessee (62.8%). Predicted decreases occurred in Louisiana (10.5%) and Michigan (2.0%). In all areas, testing of at-risk heterosexuals increased in the year after HIV reporting was implemented (Louisiana, 10.5%; Michigan, 225.1 %; Nebraska, 5.7%; Nevada, 303.3%; New Jersey, 462.9%; Tennessee, 603.8%). Declines in testing occurred among men who have sex with men in Louisiana (4.3%) and Tennessee (4.1%) after HIV reporting; testing increased for this group in Michigan (5.3%), Nebraska (19.6%), Nevada (12.5%), and New Jersey (22.4%). Among injection drug users, testing declined in Louisiana (15%), Michigan (34.3%), and New Jersey (0.6%) and increased in Nebraska (1.7%), Nevada (18.9%), and Tennessee (16.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

Confidential HIV reporting by name did not appear to affect use of HIV testing in publicly funded counseling and testing programs.

摘要

背景

要求向州卫生部门实名保密报告感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）者的政策，有可能导致其中一些人避免进行HIV检测。

目的

描述HIV报告政策实施前后，公共资助的HIV咨询检测点的HIV检测服务使用趋势。

设计与环境

分析6个州卫生部门（路易斯安那州、密歇根州、内布拉斯加州、内华达州、新泽西州和田纳西州）在引入HIV报告前12个月和引入后12个月的服务提供数据。

主要观察指标

按风险组实施保密HIV报告后，公共资助的HIV咨询检测点检测人数的百分比变化。

结果

在实施HIV报告后的几个月内，除了那些HIV报告前就已存在的趋势所预期的下降外，任何一个州的咨询检测点提供的HIV检测总数均未出现显著下降。内布拉斯加州（15.8%）、内华达州（48.4%）、新泽西州（21.3%）和田纳西州（62.8%）出现了增长。路易斯安那州（10.5%）和密歇根州（2.0%）预计会下降。在所有地区，实施HIV报告后的一年里，高危异性恋者的检测量都有所增加（路易斯安那州，10.5%；密歇根州，225.1%；内布拉斯加州，5.7%；内华达州，303.3%；新泽西州，462.9%；田纳西州，603.8%）。在路易斯安那州（4.3%）和田纳西州（4.1%），实施HIV报告后，男男性行为者的检测量下降；而在密歇根州（5.3%）、内布拉斯加州（19.6%）、内华达州（12.5%）和新泽西州（22.4%），该群体的检测量增加。在注射吸毒者中，路易斯安那州（15%）、密歇根州（34.3%）和新泽西州（0.6%）的检测量下降，而内布拉斯加州（1.7%）、内华达州（18.9%）和田纳西州（16.6%）的检测量增加。