Klein U, Nowak A J
Pediatr Dent. 1998 Sep-Oct;20(5):312-7.
Dental publications on autism have been sparse since the first comprehensive article geared for the dental profession. New findings on the etiology of autistic disorder (AD) have been discovered, suggesting that it is an organic disorder characterized by abnormalities in the brain, especially the cerebellum and limbic system. This article summarizes the latest medical findings on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment approaches of AD, and reviews the dental literature since 1969. The main dental topics reviewed are: oral health status and dental needs of patients with AD, characteristics of patients with AD, and self-injurious behavior (SIB) in the context of AD. Clinical behavior-management issues such as pharmacological and communicative techniques and physical restraint and desensitization are described. The affect of the dental office's environment and appointment structure on a patient with AD are presented.
自第一篇面向牙科专业的综合性文章发表以来，关于自闭症的牙科出版物一直很少。自闭症谱系障碍（AD）病因的新发现表明，它是一种器质性疾病，其特征是大脑异常，尤其是小脑和边缘系统。本文总结了关于AD病因、诊断和治疗方法的最新医学发现，并回顾了自1969年以来的牙科文献。所回顾的主要牙科主题包括：AD患者的口腔健康状况和牙科需求、AD患者的特征以及AD背景下的自伤行为（SIB）。描述了临床行为管理问题，如药理学和沟通技巧以及身体约束和脱敏。介绍了牙科诊所环境和预约结构对AD患者的影响。
