Killian J A
Department of Biochemistry of Membranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Nov 10;1376(3):401-15. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4157(98)00017-3.
This review addresses the possible consequences of a mismatch in length between the hydrophobic part of membrane-spanning proteins and the hydrophobic bilayer thickness for membrane structure and function. Overviews are given first of the results of studies in defined model systems. These studies address effects of mismatch on protein activity, stability, orientation, aggregational state, localization, and conformation. With respect to the lipids, effects of mismatch are discussed on lipid chain order, phase transition temperature, lipid phase behavior, and microdomain formation. From these studies, it is concluded that hydrophobic mismatch can strongly affect protein and lipid organization, but that the precise consequences depend on the individual properties of the proteins and lipids. Examples of these properties include the propensity of lipids to form non-lamellar structures, the amino acid composition of the hydrophobic transmembrane segments of the proteins, the nature of the membrane anchoring residues, and the number of transmembrane helices. Finally, the effects of mismatch in biological membranes are discussed and its possible consequences for functional membrane processes, such as protein sorting, protein insertion, and regulation of bilayer thickness.
本综述探讨了跨膜蛋白疏水部分的长度与疏水双层厚度不匹配对膜结构和功能可能产生的后果。首先概述了在特定模型系统中的研究结果。这些研究探讨了不匹配对蛋白质活性、稳定性、取向、聚集状态、定位和构象的影响。关于脂质，讨论了不匹配对脂质链有序性、相变温度、脂质相行为和微结构域形成的影响。从这些研究中可以得出结论，疏水不匹配会强烈影响蛋白质和脂质的组织，但具体后果取决于蛋白质和脂质的个体特性。这些特性的例子包括脂质形成非层状结构的倾向、蛋白质疏水跨膜片段的氨基酸组成、膜锚定残基的性质以及跨膜螺旋的数量。最后，讨论了生物膜中不匹配的影响及其对功能性膜过程（如蛋白质分选、蛋白质插入和双层厚度调节）可能产生的后果。
