Kronhed A C, Möller M
Primary Health Care Centre, Vadstena, Sweden.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998 Oct;8(5 Pt 1):290-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00485.x.
Vadstena is a small community in the county of Ostergötland, Sweden, where a project began in 1989 to prevent osteoporosis and to lower the expected incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Persons aged 40-70 years who had a low bone mineral density (BMD) value at screening of the distal radius by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) were invited to participate in a training study during one year. The definition of low BMD was a densitometry value below -1 SD (standard deviation) from a sex- and age-specific reference value (z-score). Fifteen persons wanted to exercise in a group and 15 persons wanted to become a control group. All participants answered a questionnaire about lifestyle, occupation, diseases, medication and heredity. Clinical tests were made regarding mobility of the joints and muscles, balance and physical fitness. BMD for the hip and the lumbar spine were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and after the investigation period. The training programme was carried out for 60 min twice a week during one year and had the intention to improve bone mass, muscle strength and flexibility, balance skill and aerobic capacity. After the training period there was a significant increase in BMD at the greater trochanter (P < 0.01), in balance skill (standing on one leg with closed eyes and "ski step"-test) (P < 0.05) and in oxygen uptake capacity (P < 0.05) in the exercise group. In the control group, there was a significant increase in BMD at the lumbar spine (P < 0.05). However, these results should be judged with caution because several participants were over the age of 60, and at that age degenerative changes in the lumbar spine may increase to a greater or lesser extent. Regular weight-bearing exercises during one year seem to influence BMD at the greater trochanter in a training group comprising both women and men. However, our study was small in number and further training studies are needed to assess the effect of weight-bearing training on bone mass in different sex- and age-specific groups.
瓦德斯特纳是瑞典东约特兰省的一个小社区，1989年在那里启动了一个预防骨质疏松症并降低骨质疏松性骨折预期发病率的项目。通过单光子吸收法（SPA）筛查桡骨远端骨矿物质密度（BMD）值较低的40至70岁人群被邀请参加为期一年的训练研究。低BMD的定义是骨密度测量值低于特定性别和年龄参考值（z评分）的-1个标准差（SD）。15人希望参加小组锻炼，15人希望成为对照组。所有参与者都回答了一份关于生活方式、职业、疾病、药物治疗和遗传的问卷。针对关节和肌肉的活动能力、平衡能力和身体素质进行了临床测试。在调查期前后，通过双能X线吸收法（DXA）评估髋部和腰椎的BMD。训练计划在一年内每周进行两次，每次60分钟，旨在提高骨量、肌肉力量和柔韧性、平衡技能和有氧能力。训练期结束后，锻炼组的大转子处BMD显著增加（P<0.01），平衡技能（闭眼单腿站立和“滑雪步”测试）（P<0.05）和摄氧能力（P<0.05）均有显著提高。在对照组中，腰椎的BMD显著增加（P<0.05）。然而，这些结果应谨慎判断，因为有几名参与者年龄超过60岁，在那个年龄段，腰椎的退行性变化可能会或多或少地增加。在一个由男性和女性组成的训练组中，一年的定期负重锻炼似乎会影响大转子处的BMD。然而，我们的研究样本量较小，需要进一步的训练研究来评估负重训练对不同性别和年龄组骨量的影响。
