Baur X, Stahlkopf H, Merget R
Institute for Occupational Medicine (BGFA) University of Bochum, Germany.
Am J Ind Med. 1998 Dec;34(6):632-9. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199812)34:6<632::aid-ajim13>3.0.co;2-n.
The high figures of occupational asthma worldwide necessitate the intensification of appropriate primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive measures. Based on new scientific data on dose-response relationships as well as our own experience and ethical aspects, we focus on medical surveillance within the framework of secondary prevention. We propose that medical surveillance programs be mandatory for workplaces/occupations with an asthma incidence of > or = 200% than that of the general population. Medical surveillance programs are recommended if asthma frequency is elevated but below 200%. A stepwise approach of monitoring workers at risk for developing occupational asthma including a screening by questionnaire and a personal interview and diagnosis confirmation is presented. In addition, we briefly comment on the management of affected subjects.
全球职业性哮喘的高发数据使得加强适当的一级、二级和三级预防措施成为必要。基于剂量反应关系的新科学数据以及我们自己的经验和伦理方面的考虑，我们将重点放在二级预防框架内的医学监测上。我们建议，对于哮喘发病率比普通人群高出200%及以上的工作场所/职业，医学监测计划应成为强制性要求。如果哮喘发病率有所上升但低于200%，则建议实施医学监测计划。本文介绍了一种对有患职业性哮喘风险的工人进行逐步监测的方法，包括通过问卷调查和个人访谈进行筛查以及确诊。此外，我们还简要评论了对患病个体的管理。
