Tô T L, Ward L A, Yuan L, Saif L J
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691-4096, USA.
J Gen Virol. 1998 Nov;79 ( Pt 11):2661-72. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-79-11-2661.
We examined the antibody responses and protection to a human rotavirus (HRV) in gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs. Pigs were perorally (p.o.) inoculated with attenuated (group 1), virulent (group 2), or inactivated (group 3) Wa (P1A[8]G1) HRV. A fourth group was inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with inactivated Wa HRV in adjuvant. After p.o. challenge with virulent Wa HRV at post-inoculation day 21, most group 1, 3 and 4 pigs shed virus and developed diarrhoea, whereas this occurred in only a few group 2 pigs. Antibodies to HRV (IgM, IgA or IgG) were detected in serum and intestinal contents of pigs of all groups after virus inoculation or challenge, and the antibody titres in intestinal contents, although lower, showed similar kinetics to the serum responses. There was no correlation between protection and neutralizing antibody titres of serum or intestinal contents, but a positive correlation existed between protection and serum IgA, intestinal IgA and intestinal IgG antibody titres. These findings suggest that serum IgA antibodies to HRV could act as an indicator of IgA antibodies in the intestine after rotavirus infection. The virulent HRV elicited protective immunity and higher levels of serum and intestinal IgA antibodies to HRV compared to attenuated and inactivated HRV. These findings suggest that more efficient mucosal delivery systems and/or adjuvants are needed to enhance the intestinal immune responses to attenuated or inactivated HRV if more successful vaccination is to be achieved in neonates.
我们研究了无菌（Gn）猪对人轮状病毒（HRV）的抗体反应和保护作用。猪经口（p.o.）接种减毒（第1组）、强毒（第2组）或灭活（第3组）的Wa（P1A[8]G1）HRV。第四组猪肌肉注射（i.m.）佐剂中的灭活Wa HRV。在接种后第21天经口用强毒Wa HRV攻击后，大多数第1、3和4组猪排出病毒并出现腹泻，而只有少数第2组猪出现这种情况。在所有组的猪接种病毒或受到攻击后，在血清和肠道内容物中检测到针对HRV的抗体（IgM、IgA或IgG），肠道内容物中的抗体滴度虽然较低，但显示出与血清反应相似的动力学。保护作用与血清或肠道内容物的中和抗体滴度之间没有相关性，但保护作用与血清IgA、肠道IgA和肠道IgG抗体滴度之间存在正相关。这些发现表明，针对HRV的血清IgA抗体可作为轮状病毒感染后肠道中IgA抗体的指标。与减毒和灭活的HRV相比，强毒HRV引发了保护性免疫以及更高水平的针对HRV的血清和肠道IgA抗体。这些发现表明，如果要在新生儿中实现更成功的疫苗接种，需要更有效的黏膜递送系统和/或佐剂来增强对减毒或灭活HRV的肠道免疫反应。
