The use of YG bacterial tester strains for the monitoring of drinking water mutagenicity.

The organic extract from the 50 drinking water specimens taken in four cities were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames test (plate incorporation assay) using the parent TA98 and TA100 strains, and derived YG1041 and YG1042 strains. Four dose levels of extractable organic matter (EOM) with duplicate plate per dose were used. Slopes (revertants/mg EOM) were calculated by the Bernstein linear regression rejection model using GeneTox Manager software. The mutagenicity observed in the conventional strains TA98 and TA100 did not reach the significant increase in all tested samples with the higher mutagenic response found in TA100-S9. With the YG1041 and YG1042 tester strains, the results obtained demonstrated the clear-cut direct dose-related mutagenicity response in all tested drinking water extracts. Compared with TA98 and TA100 strains, the numbers of YG induced revertants were approximately 20 times higher. The high sensitivity of the YG tester strains could facilitate the mutagenicity monitoring in drinking water extracts, and help reduce the volume of sample required. However, to identify the chemical contaminants in drinking water responsible for the mutagenicity further studies are required.