Cerná M, Pastorková A, Vrbíková V, Smíd J, Rössner P
National Institute of Public Health, Center of Environmental Health, Srobárova 48, CZ-100 42, Prague, Czech Republic.
Mutat Res. 1999 Aug 18;444(2):373-86. doi: 10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00107-2.
The mutagenic activities associated with inhalable airborne particulate matter (PM10) collected over a year in four towns (Czech Republic) have been determined. The dichloromethane extracts were tested for mutagenicity using the Ames plate incorporation test and the Kado microsuspension test both with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and its derivative YG1041 tester strains in the presence and absence of S9 mixture. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of both bacterial mutagenicity tests and to choose the appropriate indicator strain for monitoring purposes. To elucidate the correlation between mutagenicity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the concentration of PAHs in the air samples were determined by GC/MS. In general, the significant mutagenicity was obtained in organic extracts of all samples, but differences according to the method and tester strain used were observed. In both mutagenicity tests, the extractable organic mass (EOM) exhibited higher mutagenicity in the YG1041 strain (up to 97 rev/microg in the plate incorporation and 568 rev/microg in the microsuspension tests) than those in TA98 (up to 2.2 rev/microg in the plate incorporation and 14.5 rev/microg in the microsuspension tests). In the plate incorporation test, the direct mutagenic activity in YG1041 was on average 60-fold higher and in microsuspension assay 45-fold higher with respect to strain TA98. In the presence of S9 mix, the mutagenic potency in YG1041 declined (P<0.001) in summer, but increased in TA98 (P<0.05) in samples collected during the winter season. The microsuspension assay provided higher mutagenic responses in both tester strains, but in both strains a significant decrease of mutagenic potency was observed in the presence of S9 mix (P<0.001 for YG1041, P<0.05 for TA98 in winter). The mutagenic potencies detected with both indicator strains correlated well (r=0.54 to 0.87) within each mutagenicity test used but not (for TA98) or moderately (r=0.44 to 0. 66 for YG1041) between both of the tests. The mutagenic activity (in rev/m(3)) likewise the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene and sum of carcinogenic PAHs showed seasonal variation with distinctly higher values during winter season. A correlation between the PAH concentrations and the mutagenicity results for the plate incorporation, but not for the microsuspension tests was found. In samples from higher industrial areas, the higher mutagenicity values were obtained in plate incorporation test with TA98 and in both tests with YG1041 in summer season (P<0.05). According to our results, plate incorporation test seems to be more informative than microsuspension assay. For routine ambient air mutagenicity monitoring, the use of YG1041 tester strain without metabolic activation and the plate incorporation test are to be recommended.
测定了捷克四个城镇一年内收集的可吸入空气颗粒物（PM10）的诱变活性。使用Ames平板掺入试验和Kado微悬浮试验，在有和没有S9混合物的情况下，对二氯甲烷提取物进行鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98及其衍生菌株YG1041测试菌株的诱变性测试。本研究的目的是评估两种细菌诱变性测试的适用性，并选择合适的指示菌株用于监测目的。为了阐明诱变性与多环芳烃（PAH）之间的相关性，通过气相色谱/质谱法测定空气样品中PAH的浓度。一般来说，所有样品的有机提取物都具有显著的诱变性，但观察到根据所使用的方法和测试菌株存在差异。在两种诱变性测试中，可提取有机物质（EOM）在YG1041菌株中表现出比TA98更高的诱变性（平板掺入试验中高达97 rev/μg，微悬浮试验中高达568 rev/μg）（平板掺入试验中高达2.2 rev/μg，微悬浮试验中高达14.5 rev/μg）。在平板掺入试验中，YG1041中的直接诱变活性相对于TA98菌株平均高60倍，在微悬浮试验中高45倍。在S9混合物存在下，夏季YG1041中的诱变效力下降（P<0.001），但在冬季收集的样品中TA98中的诱变效力增加（P<0.05）。微悬浮试验在两种测试菌株中均提供了更高的诱变反应，但在两种菌株中，在S9混合物存在下均观察到诱变效力显著降低（YG1041为P<0.001，冬季TA98为P<0.05）。在每种使用的诱变性测试中，两种指示菌株检测到的诱变效力相关性良好（r=0.54至0.87），但在两种测试之间（对于TA98）不相关或（对于YG1041，r=0.44至0.66）适度相关。诱变活性（以rev/m³计）同样苯并[a]芘浓度和致癌PAH总和显示出季节性变化，冬季值明显更高。发现平板掺入试验的PAH浓度与诱变结果之间存在相关性，但微悬浮试验未发现。在较高工业区的样品中，夏季在TA98的平板掺入试验以及YG1041的两种试验中获得了更高的诱变值（P<0.05）。根据我们的结果，平板掺入试验似乎比微悬浮试验更具信息性。对于常规环境空气诱变性监测，建议使用无代谢激活的YG1041测试菌株和平板掺入试验。
