McIntosh A R, Lobaugh N J, Cabeza R, Bookstein F L, Houle S
Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Cereb Cortex. 1998 Oct-Nov;8(7):648-59. doi: 10.1093/cercor/8.7.648.
A sensory-sensory learning paradigm was used to measure neural changes in humans during acquisition of an association between an auditory and visual stimulus. Three multivariate partial least-squares (PLS) analyses of positron emission tomography data identified distributed neural systems related to (i) processing the significance of the auditory stimulus, (ii) mediating the acquisition of the behavioral response, and (iii) the spatial overlap between these two systems. The system that processed the significance of the tone engaged primarily right hemisphere regions and included dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, putamen, and inferior parietal and temporal cortices. Activity changes in left occipital cortex were also identified, most likely reflecting the learned expectancy of the upcoming visual event. The system related to behavior was similar to that which coded the significance of the tone, including dorsal occipital cortex. The PLS analysis of the concordance between these two systems showed substantial regional overlap, and included occipital, dorsolateral prefrontal, and limbic cortices. However, activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was strictly related to processing the auditory stimulus and not to behavior. Taken together, the PLS analyses identified a system that contained a sensory-motor component (comprised of occipital, temporal association and sensorimotor cortices) and a medial prefrontallimbic component, that as a group simultaneously embodied the learning-related response to the stimuli and the subsequent change in behavior.
一种感觉-感觉学习范式被用于测量人类在获取听觉和视觉刺激之间关联过程中的神经变化。对正电子发射断层扫描数据进行的三次多变量偏最小二乘法（PLS）分析确定了与以下方面相关的分布式神经系统：（i）处理听觉刺激的重要性；（ii）介导行为反应的习得；以及（iii）这两个系统之间的空间重叠。处理音调重要性的系统主要涉及右半球区域，包括背外侧前额叶皮层、壳核以及顶下和颞叶皮层。还发现左枕叶皮层的活动发生了变化，这很可能反映了对即将到来的视觉事件的习得预期。与行为相关的系统与编码音调重要性的系统相似，包括枕叶背侧皮层。对这两个系统之间一致性的PLS分析显示出大量的区域重叠，包括枕叶、背外侧前额叶和边缘皮层。然而，背内侧前额叶皮层的活动严格与处理听觉刺激相关，而与行为无关。综合来看，PLS分析确定了一个包含感觉运动成分（由枕叶、颞叶联合区和感觉运动皮层组成）和内侧前额叶-边缘成分的系统，该系统作为一个整体同时体现了对刺激的学习相关反应以及随后的行为变化。
