Bryan J, Fa'afoi E, Forsyth S
Australian Centre for International & Tropical Health & Nutrition, University of Queensland, Mayne Medical School, Herston.
Commun Dis Intell. 1998 Oct 29;22(11):237-45; discussion 245-6. doi: 10.33321/cdi.1998.22.54.
Australia is free from endemic malaria but several hundred imported cases occur each year. Notification and screening data on malaria cases are collected by State and Territory health authorities and laboratories and forwarded to the Australian Malaria Register (AMR) for national collation and analysis. This report provides information on 758 malaria cases with 5 deaths reported in Australia in 1992 and 712 cases with 1 death in 1993. In both years, just over 70% of cases were male and the modal age group was 20 to 29 years. Cases were reported from all States and Territories, with Queensland reporting the greatest number of cases in both years. The predominant species was Plasmodium vivax, although P. falciparum accounted for just over a quarter of the cases each year. Papua New Guinea (PNG) was the most common source of cases in both years, reflecting the number of people who move between Australia and PNG and the high endemicity of malaria in PNG. The incidence of malaria was also high in travellers from the Solomon Islands in both years and from Ghana in 1992 and Nigeria in 1993. The six deaths over two years highlight the need for medical practitioners to consider malaria as a diagnosis in patients with a history of travel to malarious countries and to provide appropriate advice on malaria prophylaxis to intending travellers.
澳大利亚没有地方性疟疾，但每年有数百例输入性病例。各州和领地的卫生当局及实验室收集疟疾病例的通报和筛查数据，并转发至澳大利亚疟疾登记处（AMR）进行全国整理和分析。本报告提供了1992年澳大利亚报告的758例疟疾病例及5例死亡病例，以及1993年712例病例及1例死亡病例的信息。在这两年中，病例中男性均略超过70%，发病高峰年龄组为20至29岁。所有州和领地均有病例报告，昆士兰州在这两年报告的病例数最多。主要疟原虫种类为间日疟原虫，尽管每年恶性疟原虫病例占比略超过四分之一。巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）是这两年最常见的病例来源地，这反映了在澳大利亚和巴布亚新几内亚之间流动的人口数量以及巴布亚新几内亚疟疾的高流行率。这两年来自所罗门群岛的旅行者以及1992年来自加纳和1993年来自尼日利亚的旅行者中疟疾发病率也很高。两年内的6例死亡病例凸显了医生需要将疟疾纳入有前往疟疾流行国家旅行史患者的诊断考虑范围，并为有出行计划的旅行者提供适当的疟疾预防建议。
