Villasís Keever M A, Romero Toledo R M, Campos León G
Unidad de Investigación Médica de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, México, D.F.
Ginecol Obstet Mex. 1998 Nov;66:474-9.
Breast feeding frequency in our country is between 13 and 80% and it is diminishing. One of the purposes of the Program called Hospital Friend of the Child and the Mother is to favor breast feeding but this has not been evaluated as yet. Frequency of breast feeding among the mothers who received the program, and the ones without it, in the influence area of HGZ 1-A; and the ones factors that could influenced for breast feeding. An analytic transversal study, was carried out, in mothers with a child between 6 and 12 months of age who assisted to the Outpatient consultation at HGZ 1-A and MME 10, 15 and 43, during the study period. The were invited to participate to have an interview, to know the mother's age, civil status, socioeconomical level, schooling and amount of sons. The place where her last delivery took place, was asked for. It was asked if breast feeding took place during the adequate time; the causes for not do it, and other points about breast feeding. The questionnaire in a first phase was prepared in order to be easily understood at the time of its application, and it was carried out by only one person. At the time of interview it was not known if the mother had used breast feeding or not. The amount in the sample was 261 mothers. The statistical analysis was of a descriptive type, for comparison of averages; it was used for comparison of square chi and calculations of reason of momios with IC at 95%. Two hundred and sixty two mothers were interviewed. The interview was done in 211/262, (80.5%) in the UMF and the rest at HGZ. Average age 26 years, 78.6% were married; average schooling, 8 years (74; good socioeconomical level, 70%, home labor. Amount of children was 1 to 6, 48% had only one child; average age of the last child at the time of interview, 11 moths. The resolution of the last pregnancy occurred in 73% of the cases in a IMSS hospital; 15.3% in a private hospital, and the rest in another institution. The program was given, more frequently at the IMSS, than in the rest 232/262; (88%) were breast fed. Average of time of breast feeding, 9 moths. There were no difference of sociodemographic variables in the group with breast feeding, and the one without breast feeding. The common causes (75%) for no breast feeding, were of maternal origin (infections, lack of milk production, work, etc.); the rest mentioned rejection to breast feeding. There was a better knowledge of breast feeding among the mothers who used it. The factors statistically associated to breast feeding were: conjoint lodging; to offer breast during the first hour of life; and have received information about this Program. The Program in the influence area of HGZ 1-A favors breast feeding. The factors for this were: improvement of mother-Child relation and the better knowledge of the advantages of breast feeding.
我国母乳喂养率在13%至80%之间，且呈下降趋势。“母婴之友医院”项目的目标之一是促进母乳喂养，但尚未对此进行评估。在HGZ 1 - A影响区域内，接受该项目和未接受该项目的母亲的母乳喂养率；以及可能影响母乳喂养的因素。开展了一项分析性横断面研究，研究对象为在研究期间前往HGZ 1 - A、MME 10、15和43门诊咨询的有6至12个月大孩子的母亲。邀请她们参与访谈，了解母亲的年龄、婚姻状况、社会经济水平、受教育程度和子女数量。询问其最后一次分娩的地点。询问是否在适当时间进行了母乳喂养；不进行母乳喂养的原因以及其他有关母乳喂养的问题。问卷在第一阶段进行了准备，以便在应用时易于理解，且仅由一人进行调查。在访谈时不知道母亲是否进行了母乳喂养。样本数量为261名母亲。统计分析为描述性类型，用于平均值比较；用于卡方比较和95%置信区间的比值计算。共访谈了262名母亲。在211/262（80.5%）的基层医疗单位进行了访谈，其余在HGZ进行。平均年龄26岁，78.6%已婚；平均受教育年限8年（74%；社会经济水平良好，70%为家庭劳动力。子女数量为1至6个，48%只有一个孩子；访谈时最后一个孩子的平均年龄为11个月。73%的最后一次妊娠在IMSS医院分娩；15.3%在私立医院分娩，其余在其他机构。该项目在IMSS实施得更为频繁，232/262（88%）进行了母乳喂养。母乳喂养的平均时间为9个月。母乳喂养组和非母乳喂养组在社会人口统计学变量上没有差异。不进行母乳喂养的常见原因（75%）是母亲方面的（感染、乳汁分泌不足、工作等）；其余提到拒绝母乳喂养。进行母乳喂养的母亲对母乳喂养有更好的了解。与母乳喂养在统计学上相关的因素有：共同居住；在出生后第一小时进行母乳喂养；以及收到过关于该项目的信息。HGZ 1 - A影响区域内的该项目促进了母乳喂养。原因如下：改善了母婴关系，且对母乳喂养优势有了更好的了解。
