Värnik A, Wasserman D, Dankowicz M, Eklund G
Estonian-Swedish Institute of Suicidology, Tallinn, Estonia.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1998;394:20-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10761.x.
Age-specific differences in suicide rates in the Baltic and Slavic regions of the former USSR were studied for the period 1984-1990, and were compared to those of 22 European countries. It was observed that suicide rates per 100,000 inhabitants in the Slavic and Baltic regions increased directly with age for women, and showed a bimodal distribution with peaks for the 45-54 and > or = 75 age groups for men. In most of the 22 European countries, the suicide rates of both men and women increased directly with age. In 1990 the suicide rates in the Slavic and Baltic regions ranged from 25.1 for the 15-24 age group to 86.9 for men aged 75 or older, and from 6.0 to 29.8 for women, while the suicide rates in Europe ranged from 13.0 to 64.8 for men and from 3.6 to 18.7 for women. Decreases in the suicide rates in the Slavic and Baltic regions during perestroika were largest for the 25-54 age group, averaging at drop of 45% for men and 33% for women between 1984 and 1986-1988. The pattern of age-specific suicide rates for women in the Slavic and Baltic regions remained similar to that in Europe throughout the period studied. This was in contrast to a distinct pattern of male suicide rates in the Slavic and Baltic regions in 1984, which converged with those found in other parts of Europe during 1986-1988. It appears that perestroika contributed to a unique pattern of male suicide mortality in the Slavic and Baltic regions, especially in the 25-54 age group.
对1984年至1990年期间前苏联波罗的海和斯拉夫地区按年龄划分的自杀率差异进行了研究，并与22个欧洲国家的自杀率进行了比较。研究发现，斯拉夫和波罗的海地区每10万居民中的自杀率，女性随年龄直接上升，男性呈双峰分布，在45 - 54岁和75岁及以上年龄组出现峰值。在22个欧洲国家中的大多数，男性和女性的自杀率均随年龄直接上升。1990年，斯拉夫和波罗的海地区的自杀率，15 - 24岁年龄组为25.1，75岁及以上男性为86.9，女性为6.0至29.8；而欧洲的自杀率，男性为13.0至64.8，女性为3.6至18.7。在改革时期，斯拉夫和波罗的海地区自杀率下降幅度最大的是25 - 54岁年龄组，1984年至1986 - 1988年期间，男性平均下降45%，女性平均下降33%。在所研究的整个时期，斯拉夫和波罗的海地区女性按年龄划分的自杀率模式与欧洲的模式相似。这与1984年斯拉夫和波罗的海地区男性自杀率的独特模式形成对比，该模式在1986 - 1988年期间与欧洲其他地区的模式趋同。看来改革促成了斯拉夫和波罗的海地区男性自杀死亡率的独特模式，尤其是在25 - 54岁年龄组。
