Hurst L D, Ellegren H
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK.
Trends Genet. 1998 Nov;14(11):446-52. doi: 10.1016/s0168-9525(98)01577-7.
Men have more germ-line cell divisions than women. Does this lead to a higher mutation rate in males? Most estimates of the proportion of mutations originating in men come either from direct observation of disease-inducing mutations or from analysis of the relative rate of evolution of sex-linked and autosomal genes in primates. The latter mode of analysis has also been applied to other mammals, birds and files. For unknown reasons, this method produces contradictory results. A majority of estimates using the best direct methods in humans indicate a male bias for point mutations, but the variance in estimates is high. It is unclear how the evolutionary and direct data correspond and a consensus as to the extent of any male bias is not presently possible. While the number of germ-line cell divisions might contribute to differences, this by no means accounts for all of the data.
男性的生殖系细胞分裂次数比女性多。这会导致男性的突变率更高吗？大多数关于源自男性的突变比例的估计，要么来自对致病突变的直接观察，要么来自对灵长类动物中与性染色体连锁基因和常染色体基因相对进化速率的分析。后一种分析模式也已应用于其他哺乳动物、鸟类和果蝇。出于未知原因，这种方法产生了相互矛盾的结果。使用人类最佳直接方法进行的大多数估计表明，点突变存在男性偏向，但估计值的方差很大。目前尚不清楚进化数据和直接数据如何对应，也无法就任何男性偏向的程度达成共识。虽然生殖系细胞分裂的次数可能导致差异，但这绝不能解释所有数据。
