Cutcliffe J R
Sheffield University, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1998 Oct;28(4):754-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00724.x.
This paper examines the relationship between hope and complicated bereavement, and then considers if current bereavement counselling theory addresses this issue. Bereavement can be considered to have a number of phases or stages which need not occur in a linear fashion, but this does not make bereavement a mechanistic process. Whilst there are commonalities in people's experience of bereavement and loss, the experience of bereavement is unique to each individual. A person needs to reach a state of acceptance, to resolve conflicts related to grieving in order to complete the bereavement. Yet all individuals do not achieve this resolution naturally. Some individuals appear to experience delay in this process, and this can be described as a complicated grief reaction. Unequivocally bound up with bereavement are hope and hopelessness, with a completed bereavement process being bound up with the re-emergence of hope and complicated bereavement process being bound up with continued hopelessness. There are many theories of bereavement counselling, and commonalities exist between these theories. Whilst the theories indicate implicitly the re-emergence of hope in the bereft individual as a result of the counselling, there is a dearth of specific reference to how this inspiration occurs. Since the reemergence of hope appears to be linked to a person's movement towards a completed bereavement reaction, and this movement is facilitated by means of bereavement counselling, this paper concludes that there is a clear need to examine how this resolution occurs.
本文探讨了希望与复杂丧亲之痛之间的关系，进而思考当前的丧亲辅导理论是否涉及这一问题。丧亲之痛可被视为有若干阶段，这些阶段不一定以线性方式出现，但这并不使丧亲之痛成为一个机械的过程。虽然人们在丧亲与失落的经历中有一些共性，但丧亲之痛的经历对每个人来说都是独特的。一个人需要达到一种接受的状态，解决与悲伤相关的冲突，以便完成丧亲之痛的过程。然而，并非所有人都能自然地实现这种解决。一些人在这个过程中似乎经历了延迟，这可被描述为一种复杂的悲伤反应。希望和绝望与丧亲之痛明确相关，完整的丧亲之痛过程与希望的重新出现相关，而复杂的丧亲之痛过程与持续的绝望相关。有许多丧亲辅导理论，这些理论之间存在共性。虽然这些理论隐含地表明，由于辅导，丧亲者会重新出现希望，但对于这种希望是如何产生的却缺乏具体的阐述。由于希望的重新出现似乎与一个人走向完整的丧亲反应的进程相关，而这一进程通过丧亲辅导得以促进，本文得出结论，显然有必要研究这种解决是如何发生的。
