Braunstein-Bercovitz H, Lubow R E
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 Nov;107(4):659-70. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.107.4.659.
Two experiments with normal participants examined the effects of masking and masking task load on latent inhibition (LI, poorer learning for a previously exposed irrelevant stimulus than for a novel stimulus) as a function of level of schizotypality. In Experiment 1, a masking task was needed to produce LI. In Experiment 2, with low load, LI was present in low- but not high-schizotypal participants. In high load, LI was abolished in low-schizotypal participants, but only approached significance in high-schizotypal participants. The data support a distraction- rather than a resource-limitation model of attentional dysfunction in high-schizotypal normal participants. In addition, the data indicate that obtaining LI requires that some attention be initially allocated to the preexposed stimulus and then reduced. Implications of the model for understanding attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia are discussed.
两项针对正常参与者的实验，研究了掩蔽及掩蔽任务负荷对潜在抑制（LI，即相较于新刺激，对先前暴露的无关刺激的学习能力较差）的影响，该影响是作为分裂型人格水平的函数。在实验1中，需要一项掩蔽任务来产生潜在抑制。在实验2中，负荷较低时，低分裂型人格参与者存在潜在抑制，而高分裂型人格参与者则不存在。负荷较高时，低分裂型人格参与者的潜在抑制消失，而高分裂型人格参与者仅接近显著水平。这些数据支持了高分裂型人格正常参与者注意力功能障碍的分心而非资源限制模型。此外，数据表明，获得潜在抑制需要最初将一些注意力分配到预先暴露的刺激上，然后再减少。讨论了该模型对理解精神分裂症注意力功能障碍的意义。
