Lubow R E, Kaplan Oren
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2005 Apr;12(2):224-43. doi: 10.3758/bf03196368.
Latent inhibition (LI) is a robust phenomenon that is demonstrated when a previously inconsequential stimulus is less effective in a new learning situation than a novel stimulus. Despite LI's simplicity, there is considerable disagreement as to its theoretical basis. Attentional theories claim that unattended stimulus preexposures reduce stimulus associability. Alternatively, it has been asserted that associability is unaffected and that LI is a result of competition/retrieval processes. The present article reviews a series of visual search studies, some with normal subjects, both undifferentiated and divided into low and high schizotypals, and others with pathologies that entail dysfunctional attention, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and anxiety. The visual search conditions were designed to model those of traditional LI experiments, while tapping attentional processes independently of the learning scores that index LI. A variety of evidence from these and other studies is used to support the involvement of attentional and retrieval processes in LI. A model of the mechanism of action of these processes in LI is presented, together with its application to schizophrenia.
潜伏抑制（LI）是一种显著的现象，当先前无关紧要的刺激在新的学习情境中比新异刺激的效果更差时就会表现出来。尽管LI很简单，但关于其理论基础仍存在相当大的分歧。注意理论认为，未被注意的刺激预暴露会降低刺激的可关联性。另外，有人认为可关联性不受影响，LI是竞争/提取过程的结果。本文回顾了一系列视觉搜索研究，其中一些研究的对象是正常受试者，包括未分化的以及分为低分裂型人格特质和高分裂型人格特质的受试者，还有一些研究的对象是存在注意力功能障碍的病症患者，如精神分裂症、帕金森病和焦虑症患者。视觉搜索条件旨在模拟传统LI实验的条件，同时独立于指示LI的学习分数来探究注意过程。来自这些研究及其他研究的各种证据被用来支持注意和提取过程在LI中的作用。本文提出了这些过程在LI中的作用机制模型，并阐述了其在精神分裂症中的应用。
