Russell L
Queen's Hospital, Staffordshire.
Br J Nurs. 1998;7(18):1084, 1088-92, 1096 passim. doi: 10.12968/bjon.1998.7.18.5587.
Historically, pressure sores have been seen as a nursing problem, and still are to a certain extent today. Nurses therefore need to have a comprehensive understanding of the physiology of the skin to assist them in preventing and treating pressure sores. Despite a great deal of research on the aetiology of pressure sores, their origins are still not fully understood. This article discusses the physiology of the skin and the aetiology of pressure sores. Influences on pressure sore development are multifactorial and tend to be divided into three main categories: extrinsic (e.g. environmental pressure, shear and friction), intrinsic (e.g. general health, age, mobility, body weight, incontinence and nutrition), and external factors (e.g. long trolley waits in accident and emergency departments or before admission following a long period collapsed on the floor, hard chairs, and immobilization with traction).
从历史上看，压疮一直被视为一个护理问题，如今在一定程度上仍然如此。因此，护士需要全面了解皮肤生理学，以帮助他们预防和治疗压疮。尽管对压疮的病因进行了大量研究，但其起源仍未完全明确。本文讨论了皮肤生理学和压疮的病因。压疮形成的影响因素是多方面的，通常可分为三大类：外在因素（如环境压力、剪切力和摩擦力）、内在因素（如总体健康状况、年龄、活动能力、体重、失禁和营养）以及外部因素（如在急诊科长时间等待推车或长时间摔倒在地板上后入院前等待、硬椅子以及牵引固定）。
