Kammerlander R, Zimmermann H, Vaudaux B
Abteilung Epidemiologie und Infektionskrankheiten, Bundesamt für Gesundheit, Bern.
Soz Praventivmed. 1998;43 Suppl 1:S41-3, S115-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02042174.
With the introduction of a vaccine against hepatitis B in the early 1980s, a vaccination strategy targeted at high risk groups was implemented in most developed countries. Although such a strategy is efficient on an individual basis, it has been shown that it only has a limited impact on the overall rate of infections in the population. Public health authorities were therefore prompted to additionally recommend a universal vaccination strategy to reduce and ultimately eliminate hepatitis B infections. The option to primarily vaccinate infants, adolescents or both age groups depends on the epidemiological situation of a country, the availability of organisational facilities, financial resources and acceptability. Combining a targeted and a universal vaccination strategy provides the optimal protection against hepatitis B, both at an individual and population level.
随着20世纪80年代初乙肝疫苗的引入，大多数发达国家实施了针对高危人群的疫苗接种策略。虽然这种策略在个体层面上是有效的，但研究表明，它对人群总体感染率的影响有限。因此，公共卫生当局被促使额外推荐一种普遍接种策略，以减少并最终消除乙肝感染。主要对婴儿、青少年或两个年龄组进行疫苗接种的选择取决于一个国家的流行病学情况、组织设施的可用性、财政资源和可接受性。将有针对性的接种策略和普遍接种策略相结合，可在个体和人群层面上提供针对乙肝的最佳保护。
